Archaefructaceae, a New Basal Angiosperm Family

Sun, Ge; Ji, Qiang; Dilcher, David L.; Zheng, Sisi; Nixon, Kevin C.; Wang, Xinfu

doi:10.1126/science.1069439

Cited by 420 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Endress and Doyle (2009) scored ovule curvature in Archaefructus as unknown, but Ji et al (2004) interpreted the ovules of Archaefructus eoflora as orthotropous; if this is confirmed and holds for Archaefructus as a whole, it would strengthen a relationship to Ceratophyllum. Wang and Zheng (2012) interpreted the ovules as "dorsal" (attached to the midrib), combined with laminar in our placentation character (113), rather than ventral as assumed by Sun et al (2002), which would strengthen a relationship to Nymphaeales. More work is needed to determine whether the seeds have a palisade exotesta (as assumed by Endress and Doyle 2009) or an operculum, a nymphaealean character previously scored as unknown.…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical support for this relationship came from presumed in situ pollen grains studied with SEM by Sun et al (2001Sun et al ( , 2002, namely, their monosulcate aperture, boatlike shape, and continuous tectum. However, Friis et al (2003Friis et al ( , 2011 questioned whether these structures were indeed pollen, because of their irregular size and shape.…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another fossil that has been associated with Nymphaeales is Archaefructus, from the BarremianAptian Yixian Formation of China (Sun et al 1998(Sun et al , 2001(Sun et al , 2002, an aquatic plant with finely dissected leaves and reproductive axes bearing pairs of stamens, single or paired carpels, and no accessory parts. A phylogenetic analysis by Sun et al (2002) concluded that Archaefructus was a stem relative of all living angiosperms, but Friis et al (2003) argued that its proposed primitive features could be the result of reduction in an aquatic habitat, while the ternate leaf organization could support a relationship to basal eudicots and/or the Early Cretaceous fossil Vitiphyllum. The Friis et al interpretation was in turn criticized by Crepet et al (2004) and Crepet (2008).…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Early Cretaceous Fossils into the Phylogeny of Living Angiosperms: ANITA Lines and Relatives of Chloranthaceae

Doyle

Endress

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

111

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Editor: Patrick S. HerendeenPremise of research. Discoveries of fossil flowers in Cretaceous rocks offer improved evidence for relationships with living clades, but for more secure inferences formal phylogenetic analyses are desirable. We extend previous analyses of magnoliids, monocots, and basal eudicots to Aptian, Albian, and Cenomanian fossils related to the basal "ANITA" lines and Chloranthaceae.Methodology. We performed parsimony analyses of a morphological data set of Recent angiosperms and published fossils, with the arrangement of Recent taxa constrained to backbone trees based primarily on molecular data.Pivotal results. Not only Monetianthus (as previously inferred) but also Carpestella is nested within Nymphaeaceae, while Pluricarpellatia may be a stem relative of Cabombaceae or Nymphaeaceae. Anacostia (with Similipollis pollen) is nested within Austrobaileyales. The position of Couperites (with Clavatipollenites pollen) is ambiguous: it may be on the stem lineage of Chloranthaceae (and Ceratophyllum, if this extant aquatic is related to Chloranthaceae), nested in Chloranthaceae, or more basal. Plants with Asteropollis pollen and reduced tepals are related to the chloranthaceous genus Hedyosmum. Zlatkocarpus, which also has a reduced perianth, may be either a stem relative or a crown group member of Chloranthaceae. Plants that produced loosely reticulate Pennipollis pollen are more likely related to Chloranthaceae and/or Ceratophyllum than to monocots. We confirm that Canrightia, with bisexual flowers and a reduced perianth, is a stem relative of Chloranthaceae. Despite similarities to Piperales, Appomattoxia (with Tucanopollis pollen) is more likely near the base of the ANITA grade or related to Chloranthaceae and/or Ceratophyllum.Conclusions. The Cretaceous rise of angiosperms involved the radiation not only of magnoliids, eudicots, and monocots but also of basal ANITA lines, including both aquatic Nymphaeales and woody groups. Our results reaffirm the early diversity of Chloranthaceae and clarify their floral evolution, in which a shift to unisexual flowers preceded loss of the perianth.

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Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Early Cretaceous Fossils into the Phylogeny of Living Angiosperms: ANITA Lines and Relatives of Chloranthaceae

Doyle

Endress

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

111

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“…basal angiosperms ͉ first flower ͉ flower evolution ͉ Lower Cretaceous T he Yixian Formation of northeast China has yielded numerous angiospermous plants, such as Archaefructus (1)(2)(3) and Sinocarpus (4,5), and problematic taxa, such as Polygonites, Typhaera, Lilites, Orchidites (6), Archaeamphora (7), and Potamogeton (?) (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An early infructescenceHyrcantha decussata(comb. nov.) from the Yixian Formation in northeastern China

Dilcher

Sun

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The continuing study of early angiosperms from the Yixian Formation (Ϸ125 Ma) of northeastern China has yielded a second early angiosperm genus. This report is a detailed account of this early flowering plant and recognizes earlier reports of similar fossils from Russia and China. Entire plants, including roots, stems, and branches terminating in fruits are presented and reconstructed. Evidence for a possible aquatic nature of this plant is presented. The relationship of Hyrcantha (''Sinocarpus'') to the eudicots is discussed. The presence of this second early angiosperm genus, now known as a whole plant, is important in the discussion of its systematics and the ecology of the earliest angiosperms.basal angiosperms ͉ first flower ͉ flower evolution ͉ Lower Cretaceous

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“…The Lower Cretaceous Jehol Biota encountered within the Liaoning Province, China, is world famous for hosting unique fossil assemblages including feathered non-avian dinosaurs, birds, pterosaurs, mammals and importantly, the oldest flowering plants (Sun et al, 2002). The nomenclature of the sedimentary successions hosting the Jehol Biota and the underlying Yixian and Tuchengzi formations is however inconsistent, hampering accurate correlations.…”

Section: The Cretaceousmentioning

confidence: 99%