Archaeological and architectural evidence of social change in 13th–17th century Dongola

Godlewski, Włodzimierz

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0013.2445

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Regarding structures in the south‐western corner of the survey area (see Figure 8 , Square D2), they are dated to the Funj period based on excavation results. The orientation of the street plan outlined for this area by the results of the geophysical survey is different from that within the Citadel but corresponds to the general orientation of streets from the Makurian‐period settlement located to the north of the surveyed zone (initially identified in excavations and later confirmed by a magnetic survey in 2009; see Godlewski, 2013 ). Based on a similar orientation of the two, the buildings on the northern, lower part of the slope can be dated to the Makurian period.…”

Section: Archaeological Verification and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Research indicates that Old Dongola was founded in the 5th to early 6th centuries (Godlewski, 2013 ). The city gradually developed, reaching roughly 200 ha in size during its heyday in the 10th–12th centuries.…”

Section: The Site: Location History and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domestic buildings spread in the area directly south of the Citadel. The district to the north with two large churches, the Church of the Granite Columns (Gartkiewicz, 1990 ) and the Cruciform Church (Godlewski, 2013 ), is called the ecclesiastical quarter. Further north, an industrial area stretched along the river bank (Figure 2 ).…”

Section: The Site: Location History and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, Tomasz Herbich used a fluxgate gradiometer to survey a settlement from the Makurian period north of the Citadel. The overall orientation of the architectural remains was mapped, including in some cases also the layout of particular buildings (Godlewski, 2013 ).…”

Section: The Site: Location History and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shedding light on the Sudanese Dark Ages: Geophysical research at Old Dongola, a city‐state of the Funj period (16th–19th centuries)

Obłuski

Herbich

Ryndziewicz

2021

Archaeological Prospection

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The article presents the results of magnetic and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) research carried out in Old Dongola in northern Sudan in 2018 and 2020, within the framework of a project designed to investigate the transition from Christianity to Islam taking place in the capital of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria. The integrated datasets from the application of two geophysical methods, of which one is the standard magnetic method used on sites in the Nile Valley and the other ground‐penetrating radar, enhanced the archaeological interpretation, focused in this case on a reconstruction of the urban layout of the 16th–18th‐century Funj settlement within the walls of the Dongola Citadel. The magnetic method, the effectiveness of which has gone unquestioned with regard to the study of silt architecture in the Nile valley, was successful in mapping the general outline of the settlement on the Citadel hill and in the quarter north of the walls. The GPR survey (450‐MHz antenna) provided a much more detailed image of the street grid and was much more effective than the magnetic method in tracing the course of mud‐brick walls in a sandy matrix containing baked brick rubble. Verification of the geophysical results through the excavation of selected parts of the Citadel not only satisfied the objectives of the archaeological project, which was to establish the overall street and building layout in the research area, but also confirmed the effectiveness of the two prospection methods applied in combination and the potential of integrated research with the use of the GPR and magnetic methods for the study of mud‐brick and baked brick architecture on settlement sites in Sudan.

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Section: Archaeological Verification and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: The Site: Location History and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Site: Location History and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Site: Location History and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Shedding light on the Sudanese Dark Ages: Geophysical research at Old Dongola, a city‐state of the Funj period (16th–19th centuries)

Obłuski

Herbich

Ryndziewicz

2021

Archaeological Prospection

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“…1]. Current excavation work has focused on the architecture in the northern and eastern part of the agglomeration and on site SWN on the citadel directly next to the Palace of Ioannes (SWN.B.I) (Godlewski 2015a;2015b;2018a;Maślak 2015).…”

Section: Urban Topography Of 16th-17th Century Dongolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tell el-Farkha. Archaeological Fieldwork 2016–2017

Chłodnicki¹,

Ciałowicz²

2018

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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The paper discusses archaeological investigations carried out on all three tells making up the site of Tell el-Farkha, expanding on the findings from earlier seasons. Phasing of the brewery discovered four years ago on the Western Kom gave a time range for the use of the installation from the first Southern Egyptian occupation (Naqada IID) to the Naqada IIIA1/2–IIIB phase, when a catastrophic fire destroyed the entire settlement. The big Naqada warehouse on the Central Kom was also phased (beginning in Naqada IIIA1) and further parts of an underlying building attributed to the Lower Egyptian culture were explored, including a wooden fence around the structure. The 11 graves explored on the Eastern Kom were dated to the Tell el-Farkha Phase 6 (Naqada IIIC2–IIID). They cut into a building (temple?) from an earlier phase.

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Households in Transition: Persistence and Change of Dwellings in the City of Old Dongola (Sudan, 14th–17th Century)

Wyżgoł

2024

Afr Archaeol Rev

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The period between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries in Old Dongola, Sudan, marks a significant political and religious transition. The Makurian kingdom collapsed, and in the sixteenth century, the city became subordinate to the Funj Sultanate. Simultaneously, domestic architecture exhibited a high level of uniformity, with urban space dominated by two-room houses clustered in compounds with a shared courtyard. In these transformative conditions, the seeming persistence of household requires explanation. This paper examines residues of human actions, applying a multielemental analysis of domestic floors of four house compounds dated from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. It allowed us to understand domestic space in intensive terms, as created by everyday domestic activities. The analysis of macro- and micro-residues resulted in the identification of various ways particular households engaged with domestic space. In this study, the role of heterogeneous domestic space played in the persistence and changeability of households was discussed, particularly how the striated residential units coded relations of dwellers, while the smooth open spaces had creative potential. Lastly, it is proposed that the temporality of households did not align with the temporality of the political changes in the city.

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Archaeological and architectural evidence of social change in 13th–17th century Dongola

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Shedding light on the Sudanese Dark Ages: Geophysical research at Old Dongola, a city‐state of the Funj period (16th–19th centuries)

Shedding light on the Sudanese Dark Ages: Geophysical research at Old Dongola, a city‐state of the Funj period (16th–19th centuries)

Tell el-Farkha. Archaeological Fieldwork 2016–2017

Households in Transition: Persistence and Change of Dwellings in the City of Old Dongola (Sudan, 14th–17th Century)

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