Archaeological evidence for pastoralist land-use and settlement in Namaqualand over the last 2000 years

Webley, Lita

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.03.009

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is also possible that foetal programming of dietary salt preferences do not occur as strongly in sheep as it does in rats or cattle. Given the capacity of sheep to survive in arid regions (Zygoyiannis, 2006;Webley, 2007), their regulation of salt and water balance may be geared towards coping with salt loads or water shortages. Indeed, both the C and S lambs in the current experiment consumed over 10 g Na/kg DM, a quantity well above the recommended daily intake of salt of 0.7 g Na/kg DM for sheep (Australian Standing Committee on Agriculture and Resource Management, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offspring born to ewes fed high salt during pregnancy have altered responses to oral salt loads

Digby

Masters

Blache

et al. 2010

Animal

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Prenatal growth is sensitive to the direct and indirect effects of maternal dietary intake; manipulation can lead to behavioural and physiological changes of the offspring later in life. Here, we report on three aspects of how a high-salt diet during pregnancy (conception to parturition) may affect the offspring's response to high oral salt loads: (i) dietary preferences for salt; (ii) response to salt and water balance and aldosterone and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations after an oral salt challenge; (iii) concentrations of insulin and leptin after an oral salt challenge. We used two groups of lambs born to ewes fed either a high-salt (13% NaCl) diet during pregnancy (S lambs; n 5 12) or control animals born to ewes fed a conventional (0.5% NaCl) diet during pregnancy (C lambs; n 5 12). Lambs were subjected to short-(5 min) and long-term (24 h) preference tests for a high-salt (13% NaCl) or control diet, and the response to an oral challenge with either water or 25% NaCl solution were also carried out. Weaned lambs born to ewes fed high salt during pregnancy did not differ in their preference for dietary salt, but they did differ in their physiological responses to an oral salt challenge. Results indicate that these differences reflect an alteration in the regulation of water and salt balance as the metabolic hormones, insulin and leptin, were not affected. During the first 2 h after a single salt dose, S lambs had a 25% lower water intake compared to the C lambs. S lambs had, on average, a 13% lower AVP concentration than the C lambs (P 5 0.014). The plasma concentration of aldosterone was higher in the S lambs than in the C lambs (P 5 0.013). Results suggest that lambs born to ewes that ingest high amounts of salt during pregnancy are programmed to have an altered thirst threshold, and blunted response in aldosterone to oral salt loads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offspring born to ewes fed high salt during pregnancy have altered responses to oral salt loads

Digby

Masters

Blache

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…It is also possible that fetal programming of dietary salt preferences does not occur as strongly in sheep as it does in rats or cattle. Given the capacity of sheep to survive in arid regions (Zygoyiannis, 2006;Webley, 2007), their regulation of salt and water balance may be geared toward coping with salt loads or water shortages. Indeed, all of the lambs in the study by Digby et al (2010a) consumed more than 10 g Na/kg DM, a quantity well above the recommended daily intake of salt of 0.7 g Na/kg DM for sheep (Australian Standing Committee on Agriculture and Resource Management, 1990).…”

Section: Fetal Programming During Intra-utero Exposure To Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt intake and reproductive function in sheep

Digby

Chadwick

Blache

2011

Animal

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Producers have the possibility to combat human-induced dryland salinity by planting salt-tolerant plants such as saltbush. Saltbush has the potential to be used as a source of food for livestock at a time and place where pasture is not viable. However, saltbush contains high concentrations of sodium chloride salt and some other anti-nutritional factors that have the potential to affect feed and water intake and, directly or indirectly, the reproductive capacity of sheep. High-salt diet during gestation induces a small modification of the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that has an important role in the maintenance of the salt-water balance in non-pregnant and pregnant sheep. In contrast, the main effect of salt ingestion during pregnancy is observed on the biology of the offspring, with changes in the response of the RAS to salt ingestion and altered thirst threshold in response to an oral salt ingestion. These changes, observed later in life, are the result of fetal programming following the ingestion of salt by the mother. It seems that the exposure to salt during pregnancy could provide an advantage to the offspring because of this adaptive response. The response may be particularly useful, for example, when grazing herbivores are fed halophytic forages adapted to saline soils.

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“…Dewar (2006) suggests that artefacts belonging to Homo erectus, and archaic and modern Homo sapiens are to be found in the region. Evidence for low-intensity sheep herding, however, first emerges from Spoegrivier Cave on the Atlantic coast about 2100 years ago and for sheep and goat herding about 800 years BP (Webley, 2007). Cattle ownership is first recorded amongst Nama-speaking herders by late 17th century colonial travellers.…”

Section: Archaeological and Historical Evidence Of Changing Land-use mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable land use in Namaqualand, South Africa: Key issues in an interdisciplinary debate

Hoffman¹,

Allsopp²,

Rohde³

2007

Journal of Arid Environments

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Archaeological evidence for pastoralist land-use and settlement in Namaqualand over the last 2000 years

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Offspring born to ewes fed high salt during pregnancy have altered responses to oral salt loads

Offspring born to ewes fed high salt during pregnancy have altered responses to oral salt loads

Salt intake and reproductive function in sheep

Sustainable land use in Namaqualand, South Africa: Key issues in an interdisciplinary debate

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