Archaeological evidence that a late 14th-century tsunami devastated the coast of northern Sumatra and redirected history

Daly, Patrick; Sieh, Kerry; Seng, Tai Yew; McKinnon, E. Edwards; Parnell, Andrew; Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah; Feener, R. Michael; Ismail, Nahed; Nizamuddin, .; Majewski, Jędrzej

doi:10.1073/pnas.1902241116

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Ditambah lagi pasca Tsunami 2004, belum adanya implementasi upaya mitigasi fisik kecuali dalam bentuk sosialisasi dan rambu evakuasi . Mengacu pada sejarah berdasarkan kajian paleotsunami dan arkeologi, tsunami yang melanda Aceh merupakan kejadian berulang yang terjadi dalam siklus tertentu (Monecke et al, 2008); (Rubin et al, 2017); (Daly et al, 2019). Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional (PusGen) melakukan pemutakhiran gempa bumi yang berpotensi membangkitkan tsunami di mana untuk perairan barat Sumatera mencapai skala maksimum 9.2 Mw pada segmen Andaman-Aceh (PusGen, 2017).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Asesmen Potensi Tsunami Dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Pesisir: Studi Kasus Teluk Ulee Lheue, Aceh Besar

Benazir¹,

Syamsidik

Idris

2022

JTH

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The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, which devastated the coasts of Aceh and Nias, revealed that the event was a mega-hazard category. Following the disaster, a new era in the development of tsunami mitigation throughout the archipelago began. Nonetheless, given the impact of the two tsunamis that occurred at the end of 2018, achieving mitigation within 17 years poses a unique challenge and high priority. The relationship between tsunami-prone areas and community preparedness has become a crucial factor in achieving regional disaster resilience. The objective of this research is to provide a regional assessment of tsunamis risk as well as community preparedness for future tsunami. The coast of Teluk Ulee Lheue, Aceh Besar, was chosen as the location for the assessment as a role model. The research method consists of tsunami mathematical modeling considering the impact caused by the magnitude of earthquakes 8.2, 9.15, and 9.2. The Nonlinear Shallow Water Equation (NSWE) model was used in the simulation, which was discretized using the explicit leap-frog Finite Difference Method. Field activities were included not only to collect topography and land use data but also to gather information and community response. The data was provided directly from the local community through the completion of a questionnaire, with a total of 150 respondents being evaluated. The findings of this study reveal that the consequences of the tsunami inundation remain quite considerable, even for a smaller-scale earthquake than the previous 2004 event. In general, the degree of community preparedness seems to be quite high, especially in terms of tsunami awareness. An improvement in disaster emergencies is required, specifically in the household sector. However, with a high degree of community preparedness, it would be essential to carry out individual evacuations rapidly. Keywords: tsunami hydrodynamics, numerical simulation, run-up, community preparedness, environmental social

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Asesmen Potensi Tsunami Dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Pesisir: Studi Kasus Teluk Ulee Lheue, Aceh Besar

Benazir¹,

Syamsidik

Idris

2022

JTH

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“…The shapes and motifs of the gravestones are distinctive representing a certain period [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Distribution of ancient ceramic shards around the area helped some findings, e.g., paleotsunami evidence and ceramic trade ban of the Ming and Qing dynasty in Southeast Asia [10,[12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper discusses the reliability of the ERT, IP and VLF-EM methods in modeling the subsurface structure of the landslide-prone area in the Lamreh cultural heritage. Geophysical studies in the Lamreh area are still limited [22,47], but history and archaeological studies are widely available because of the importance of this cultural heritage site [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12][13][14][15]17,19,51]. Because of its position facing the Malacca Strait, the scenery on the hills of Lamreh attracts tourists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ERT, IP and VLF-EM Methods to Investigate Landslide-Prone Structures at Archaeological Sites in Lamreh, Aceh Besar, Indonesia

Ali,

Nanda,

Zainal

et al. 2024

Trends Sci

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Since the 21st century, Lamreh, Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia played an important role during the maritime silk route at the gate of the Malacca strait. This article investigates the subsurface structure of landslide-prone areas in cultural heritage based on 2D resistivity, chargeability and current density models of ERT, IP and VLF-EM methods, respectively. Field data measurements were carried out on 2 crossing profiles along the cliff suspected of experiencing landslides. The length of each profile is 220 with 4 m distance between stations. The 2D models reveal that the subsurface geological structure of Lamreh is composed of a mixed layer of clastic sediment and volcanic material at the top, followed by a layer of calcareous sandstone, and volcanic breccia at the bottom. The 3 layers are most easily distinguished in the resistivity model. The topmost layer is permeable but dry, i.e., characterized by a more resistive layer in the models. While the second layer is characterized by an intermediate conductivity and the bottom layer is highly conductive. The conductivity in these 2 layers is influenced by the degree of water content within the rocks. The chargeability models derived from IP data can distinguish between the dry layer on the surface and the saturated layer below. Meanwhile, the current density models obtained from VLF-EM data have proven the presence of fractures and faults along the profiles due to weathering as also seen in the resistivity models. HIGHLIGHTS Investigation of subsurface structure in landslide-prone area of Lamreh, Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia, a cultural heritage site with historical significance in the maritime silk route. Utilization of 2D resistivity, chargeability and current density models (ERT, IP and VLF-EM) to analyze the subsurface structure. Field data measurements conducted on 2 crossing profiles along the suspected landslide cliff, with a profile length of 220 and 4 m station distance. Subsurface geological structure of Lamreh identified as a mixed layer of clastic sediment and volcanic material at the top, followed by calcareous sandstone and volcanic breccia at the bottom. Resistivity models most effectively distinguish the 3 layers, highlighting permeable but dry top layer, intermediate conductivity in the second layer, and high conductivity in the bottom layer influenced by water content. Chargeability and current density models confirm surface dryness and presence of fractures and faults due to weathering GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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A Perfect Tsunami? El Nino, War and Resilience on Aceh, Sumatra

Kreike

2022

Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises

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The history of Aceh, Indonesia highlights societies’ resilience and vulnerability in the face of natural and human-made disasters. A multi-scalar, qualitative and quantitative analysis of land use changes in nineteenth century Greater Aceh by using GIS analysis, highlights that processes may play out differently at the system and subsystem levels. At the system’s meso and micro levels, the episodic and the structural violence of war, climate anomalies, and tsunamis wiped out entire communities and families of people, animals, and plants while at the macro scale Aceh society showed remarkable resilience. Greater Aceh’s case also suggests that the impact of war through population displacement and the destruction of such environmental infrastructure as homes, villages, orchards, and irrigated fields while less immediately and directly destructive than such episodic events as the devastating 2004 tsunami, nevertheless may have a comparable impact because the events are more sustained and cumulative over a timeframe of years and decades.

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Archaeological evidence that a late 14th-century tsunami devastated the coast of northern Sumatra and redirected history

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Asesmen Potensi Tsunami Dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Pesisir: Studi Kasus Teluk Ulee Lheue, Aceh Besar

Asesmen Potensi Tsunami Dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Pesisir: Studi Kasus Teluk Ulee Lheue, Aceh Besar

Application of ERT, IP and VLF-EM Methods to Investigate Landslide-Prone Structures at Archaeological Sites in Lamreh, Aceh Besar, Indonesia

A Perfect Tsunami? El Nino, War and Resilience on Aceh, Sumatra

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