“…Each of the past research initiatives analysed the network's content from a unique perspective and then used this analysis to discover communities by considering the topological information of a network (Ullah et al, 2022). Recent trends in the practical application of community detection in network structure especially using the Louvain and Leiden algorithm, are in healthcare (Chatterjee & Sanjeev, 2023;Evans et al, 2022;Jin et al, 2020;Kabir et al, 2019;Kramer et al, 2020;Nallusamy & Easwarakumar, 2023;Nicolini et al, 2017;Rahiminejad et al, 2019), social network (Chessa et al, 2023;Irsyad & Rakhmawati, 2019;Li et al, 2023;Park & Kwon, 2022;Torene et al, 2022), telecommunication (Ding et al, 2022;Zu et al, 2021), economic (Han et al, 2018;, intelligent (Karyotis et al, 2018;Singhal et al, 2020) and nature (Peeples & Bischoff, 2023;Xie et al, 2022).…”