Archaeological Survey as Participatory Counter-Mapping

Abstract

This chapter discusses the epistemic value of a community-based, participatory mapping approach to archaeological survey, based on research co-created with the Indigenous Emberá tribe in Darién Province, Panama. Rather than initiating survey with preconceived criteria for identifying archaeological sites, we mapped landscapes of place-based knowledge, as envisioned by our community partners. This collaborative approach represents an innovation in purposive (as opposed to statistical) archaeological survey, an essential phase of research—especially in low-visibility environments—that has been neglected by literature on archaeological method. Our method centers local conceptions of place and (often fluid) boundaries, as well as history and story. We highlight the role that participatory mapping can play in the development of critical Indigenous cartographies, as well as its value in supporting Indigenous-led movements for sovereignty and long-term ecological stewardship, including gathering evidence for use in land claim cases.