Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas

Nickels, David L.; Pease, D. W.; Bousman, C. Britt

doi:10.21112/ita.1997.1.16

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Large quantities of high-quality chert eroded out of the limestone along ridges on the Balcones Escarpment, and the chert-bearing Uvalde gravels were available in the more southern parts of the county (Loomis et al 1992;Nickels et al 1997;Potter et al 1992). No known chert outcrops, however, are located within the immediate vicinity of San Pedro Park.…”

Section: Project Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological Survey and Testing in San Pedro Park (41BX19), San Antonio, Texas

Houk¹

1999

ITA

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In April 1998, staff from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio completed a pedestrian survey and a series of 44 shovel tests and two backhoe trenches in San Pedro Park, in San Antonio, Texas. The project was required to evaluate the potential for significant historic (including a Spanish Colonial dam and acequia) and prehistoric cultural deposits in areas to be impacted by a plan to renovate the park, including the rebuilding of a swimming pool.The shovel tests showed that the majority of the area to be impacted by renovation was already disturbed. Areas which appear to retain undisturbed cultural deposits were identified. One backhoe trench found that the Spanish Colonial dam was probably destroyed by early twentieth-century renovations.ii

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Section: Project Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological Survey and Testing in San Pedro Park (41BX19), San Antonio, Texas

Houk¹

1999

ITA

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“…Quarry blanks are generally a thick, bifacially reduced to a middle stage, but can have some cortex remaining. Presumably they are reduced to make them easily transportable to areas where raw material is scarce (e.g., Nickels et al 1997;Nickels 2000:120-121). Other nondiagnostic bifaces include those in all stages of reduction that do not fit elsewhere.…”

Section: Chipped Stone Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological Evaluation of Sandy Mantle Prehistoric and Historic Sites at Camp Swift, Bastrop County, Texas: 2003

Nickels¹,

Lehman²

2004

ITA

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The Texas Army National Guard conducts military training on Camp Swift, an approximately 11,500acre tract in northern Bastrop County, Texas. As required by law, an environmental assessment of the area was conducted with pedestrian surveys beginning as early as 1979. The Adjutant General's Department of Texas (AGTX) was charged with oversight management of archaeological compliance for the Camp. The survey was undertaken to meet requirements under sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Under sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA, the protection of cultural resources is related to their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which is in turn dependent on their NRHP significance as defined in 36 CFR Part 60. The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992 clarified Section 110 and directed federal agencies to establish preservation programs corresponding to their activities and effects on historic properties. Under Section 110, federal agencies may evaluate the significance of cultural resources not currently threatened to assist with the development of preservation planning. The purpose of the surveys was to provide the Texas National Guard with recommendations as to the eligibility of the sites for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). In the case of prehistoric sites, significance is often based on Criterion D of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) as defined by the National Park Service in 36 CFR 60. The significance of a site under Criterion D, and therefore its eligibility for listing on the NHRP, is based on its having yielded information important in history or prehistory, or on its having the potential to yield such information in the future. The question of what information is important, a point not addressed in the NRHP, is a function of research questions or developed historic contexts. Contracting Parties The Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) of Southwest Texas State University (now Texas State University-San Marcos) contracted with the sponsoring agency, the Texas Army National Guard. The investigations were conducted under interagency cooperative agreement number TX 01-ENV-29 401-2-4652. C. Britt Bousman and David L. Nickels served as co-principal investigators for the 2002-2003 project. David L. Nickels directed the daily field operations.

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“…In addition to plentiful water and plant and animal resources, the region provided an important mineral resource -chert. Large quantities of high-quality chert eroded out of the limestone along ridges on the Balcones Escarpment, and the chert-bearing Uvalde gravels were available in the more southern parts of the county (Loomis et al 1992;Nickels et al 1997;Potter et al 1992).…”

Section: Modern Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Archaeological Assessment of San Pedro Park, (41BX19) San Antonio, Texas

Meissner¹,

Cox²,

Houk³

et al. 2000

ITA

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In July 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted shovel testing and backhoe trenching operations along the western edge of San Pedro Park, near downtown San Antonio, Texas. The purpose of the testing was to detennine the exact location at which the Alazan acequia would be impacted by a planned drainage improvement project under North Flores Street, and to then assess the likelihood that the project would significantly impact buried cultural material. Using old maps as guides, the acequia was located approximately 55 m south of Ashby Street. It was unlined, and cut 90 cm into bedrock, with its bottom 295 cm below the modem ground surface. Although no cultural materials were found in the acequia, a series of shovel tests produced 1085 artifacts, both Prehistoric and Historic. Due to the depth of previously disturbed sediments under North Flores Street, CAR detennined it was unlikely that significant archaeological deposits would be encountered, and recommended that the project be allowed to proceed as planned. However, the results of the shovel testing indicated that there were previously undisturbed areas along the western edge of the park that were likely to contain intact buried cultural deposits. Based on these results, CAR recommended that any planned construction within the park be preceded by an archaeological testing program to further assess the nature and potential significance of those deposits. Following the 1996 testing project, one of the subcontractors for the drainage improvement project used the southwest comer of San Pedro Park as a staging area for construction. CAR returned to this southwest comer of in April 1998 to conduct further shovel testing, along with 1-x-1 m unit excavations, to detennine the extent to which any buried archaeological deposits had been impacted by the heavy machinery and stockpiles of gravel, sand, and other construction materials stored in the park. An analysis ofthe artifact assemblage, along with finite comparisons of the topography before and after the construction staging area was used, indicate that the area was impacted by the construction company.

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Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Archaeological Survey and Testing in San Pedro Park (41BX19), San Antonio, Texas

Archaeological Survey and Testing in San Pedro Park (41BX19), San Antonio, Texas

Archaeological Evaluation of Sandy Mantle Prehistoric and Historic Sites at Camp Swift, Bastrop County, Texas: 2003

An Archaeological Assessment of San Pedro Park, (41BX19) San Antonio, Texas

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