Archaeological Survey of Southwest Block and Selected Roads and Firebreaks at Camp Maxey, Lamar County, Texas

Nickels, David L.; Nordt, Lee C.; Perttula, Timothy K.; Bousman, C. Britt; Miller, Kristi H.

doi:10.21112/ita.1999.1.9

Cited by 4 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Diagnostic artifacts of the early Paleoindian interval include Clovis and Folsom projectile points. Late Paleoindian period occupations begin with the first stemmed (as opposed to lanceolate) points known as Wilson (Bousman 1998;Bousman et al 2002), and a variety of lanceolate forms such as Angostura, Golondrina, St. Mary's Hall, and Barber (among a few others). Within Texas' political boundaries, Meltzer and Bever (1995:47-81) have documented the presence of 406 Clovis points in 128 of 254 counties.…”

Section: Paleoindianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few Paleoindian components deeply buried in alluvium have been discovered, such as Berclair Terrace in Bee County (Sellards 1940), Berger Bluff in Goliad County (Brown 1987), Collins 1995:376;Nickels et al 2001:6, 13). References: Bousman 1998;Garber 1998;Bryant and Holloway 1985;Humphrey and Ferring 1994;Nordt et al 1994Nordt et al , 2002Robinson 1979Robinson , 1982Toomey 1993;Toomey et al 1992. Kincaid Rockshelter in Uvalde County (Collins et al 1989), Wilson-Leonard in Williamson County (Bousman et al 2002;Collins et al 1993;Collins 1998Collins , 2004, and the Gault site in Williamson County (Collins and Brown 2000). As the warming that marks the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene climates began to take effect in Texas, prehistoric inhabitants adapted with changes in lifestyle (Bousman et al 2002).…”

Section: Paleoindianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How have environmental changes infl uenced the exploitation of plants and animals in the area? Was the resource base stable during this 12,000-year period or did the prehistoric inhabitants respond to regional fl uctuations in the plant and animal populations (Dillehay 1974;Bousman 1998)? Were the changes great enough that prehistoric Native Americans had to alter their economic, mobility, or technological exploitation patterns?…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research, particularly during the past decade, has contributed a great deal toward the understanding paleoenvironments of Texas (e.g., Bousman 1998;Brown 1998;Caran 1998;Frederick 1998;Fredlund et al 1998;Kibler 1998;Nordt et al 2002;Ricklis and Cox 1998). However, the Texas Blair 1950:98). paleoclimatic record contains significant gaps, primarily due Arbingast et al 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 8000 B.P. woodlands rapidly declined, and by 7500 B.P., open grassland communities were predominant (Bryant 1977;Bousman 1998). Although the estimated percentages of grass cover have fluctuated from 7500 B.P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeological Testing at San Marcos Springs (41HY160) for the Texas Rivers Center, Hays County, Texas

Nickels¹,

Bousman²

2010

ITA

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The archaeological investigations were designed to assess the geological context and the nature of the preserved archaeological materials at the Spring Lake Site, 41HY160. An extensive geological coring effort extracted 22 cores from over 9 meters of alluvial sediments in the San Marcos River floodplain. These cores extended from the Hotel to beyond the football stadium. Five depositional units (A-E from older to younger) were identified, which dated from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene, and all of these depositional units either contained preserved archaeological materials or were contemporary with know archaeological occupations in the immediate vicinity of Spring Lake. A single flake was recovered from geological Core E in Depostional Unit A channel gravels. Radiocarbon dates confirm sediment accumulation spanning the last ~12,000 radiocarbon years. Archaeological test units recovered a wide range of lithic tools, faunal remains, burned rock features and fl oral remains that have been identified as Middle and Late Archaic, and Late Prehistoric in age. Five intact burned rock features were excavated and documented. The careful excavation and archaeomagnetic analysis of burned rock from the cooking features demonstrates the presence of burned rock cooking pits and scattered burned rock hearths. These features were clearly constructed and used as cooking facilities by prehistoric inhabitants. The prehistoric inhabitants also actively hunted a number of large animals that consisted of bison, antelope and deer, and a variety of small species such as rabbits, turtle, fi sh, rodents, and snakes. The more limited floral remains demonstrate the use of cheno-ams for food, and oak, juniper and bald cypress for firewood. Better preserved plant remains were recovered from Depositional Unit A in the geological Core D and these demonstrate the potential for well preserved archaeological floral remains is great in the deeper portions of the site. A great diversity of chipped stone artifacts (projectile points, preforms and other bifaces, scrapers and other unifaces, groundstone tools) provide the most abundant evidence of technological activities, and production and procurement strategies at the site. The wealth of evidence and the secure geological context of these materials, clearly demonstrates that the potential for the recovery of significant archaeological materials at the Spring Lake Site, 41HY160, is great and it is recommended that any impacts of planned construction iii on archaeological resources be mitigated. All recovered materials are curated at the Archaeological Curation Facility, Texas State University. iv

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Section: Paleoindianmentioning

confidence: 99%