Archaeometric analysis of Roman bronze coins from the Magna Mater temple using solid-state voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Turo, Francesca Di; Montoya, Noemí; Piquero‐Cilla, Joan; Vito, Caterina De; Coletti, Fulvio; Favero, Gabriele; Doménech‐Carbó, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.007

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For this purpose, it was hypothesized that, when series of objects experiencing a common corrosion conditions was studied, even subtle differences in the composition and/or metallographic structure of the base metal will be reflected in the composition of the corrosion layers and the distribution of the corrosion products through the patina, which can be detected by means of Raman spectroscopy. This idea, which is in agreement with previous studies on bronze coins using solid‐state electrochemical techniques, is consistent with the reported sensitivity of the Raman spectra of copper oxides, cuprite in particular, to the crystallinity and grain size, in particular, in thin solid films . It has to be noted, however, that the “corrosion history” experienced by the objects under study may have been considerably different so that the above hypothesis can only be reasonably applied to selected sets of samples.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Raman spectroscopy characterization of 10‐cash productions from the late Chinese emperors to the Republic

Montoya

Montagna

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The use of Raman spectroscopy for discriminating monetary emissions, a recurrent problem in much archaeological studies, is described. The method involves the record of Raman signatures of tenorite and crystalline and defective cuprite in the patina based on the idea that subtle, mint‐characteristic variations in the composition and metallography of the base metal during the manufacturing process are reflected in the variation in depth of the composition and crystallinity of the corrosion patina. The technique was applied to a series of 10‐cash copper coins produced around the transition between the Kuang Hsü and Hsüan T'ung last Chinese emperors and the first Republic whose averaged composition was 95 ± 1% wt Cu plus 5 ± 1% wt Zn often accompanied by traces of Sn and Pb. Raman data, corroborated by focusing ion beam‐field emission scanning electron microscopy and voltammetry of immobilized particles measurements, suggested the possibility of discerning between different provincial and regular unified currency productions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Electrochemical experiments were performed using materials and equipment already described (for details, see Supporting Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy characterization of 10‐cash productions from the late Chinese emperors to the Republic

Montoya

Montagna

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…The EIS spectra showed three time constants regardless the chosen electrolyte, which are related to the response of the corrosion products formed upon immersion, and the charge transfer process and mass transfer processes in a mixed activation‐diffusion control of the reactions, respectively (Figure (a)). More recently, two EIS studies on archaeological bronze coins have been published by Di Turo et al., using NaCl 0.3 M–5 % agar electrolyte and in mineral water . In the first study, the EIS spectrum from the roman coins was explained by the EC in Figure (b).…”

Section: Understanding Eis In Cultural Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements and their Interpretation for the Diagnostic of Metallic Cultural Heritage: A Review

Barat

Cano

2018

ChemElectroChem

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Protecting metallic cultural heritage from corrosion is a major challenge for metal conservators. Electrochemical techniques offer a great potential for monitoring the conservation condition of this type of heritage, providing a powerful tool for designing conservation strategies. For this reason, the application of techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has aroused increasing interest in recent years, although some difficulties in application and interpretation of the results still keep it from being routine practice. This Review aims to picture the state-of-the-art of using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the in situ monitoring of metallic cultural heritage, focusing on spectra interpretation and different approaches that have been proposed to perform field measurements since the 1990's. In the first part of the Review, different cell designs based on the use of liquid or solid electrolytes for in situ measurements are reviewed. In the second part, a few general equivalent circuits are proposed as a basis for interpreting results on different metal surfaces after discussing different models proposed in literature. This overview intends to summarize and clarify the key points in the use of EIS, and encourage the use of this and other electrochemical techniques in the field of conservation science, for a better preservation of our cultural heritage.

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“…The model has been applied to a series of 38 coins which where unearthed in a latrina , located on the south side of the domus Tiberiana , obtained from the different strata previously indicated. In a precedent VIMP plus EIS study on a sub‐set of 15 coins from this site , we described the possibility of using this methodology for grouping coins from different archaeological strata, thus correlating the voltammetric features associated to cuprite and tenorite corrosion products. VIMP data have been complemented with Raman spectroscopy and focusing ion beam‐field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x‐ray detection (FIB‐FESEM‐EDX).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For establishing a refined dating, a model of moderate corrosion of leaded bronze is presented, extending previous formulations developed for characterizing corrosion products and screening copper/bronze monetary emissions . The model has been applied to a series of 38 coins which where unearthed in a latrina , located on the south side of the domus Tiberiana , obtained from the different strata previously indicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating Archaeological Strata in the Magna Mater Temple Using Solid‐state Voltammetric Analysis of Leaded Bronze Coins

et al. 2017

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The application of solid state electrochemistry techniques for dating archaeological strata using lead‐containing bronze coins is described. The proposed methodology was applied to samples coming from the Roman archaeological site of Magna Mater Temple (Rome, Italy) occurring in different strata dating back between the second half and the end of the 4th century A.D. and the 20th century. The voltammetric signatures of copper and lead corrosion products in contact with aqueous acetate buffer, as well as the catalytic effects produced on the hydrogen evolution reaction, were used for establishing the age of different strata and dating coins belonging to unknown age. Voltammetric data were consistent with a theoretical approximation based on a potential rate law for the corrosion process.

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Archaeometric analysis of Roman bronze coins from the Magna Mater temple using solid-state voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Cited by 48 publications

References 51 publications

Raman spectroscopy characterization of 10‐cash productions from the late Chinese emperors to the Republic

Raman spectroscopy characterization of 10‐cash productions from the late Chinese emperors to the Republic

In Situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements and their Interpretation for the Diagnostic of Metallic Cultural Heritage: A Review

Dating Archaeological Strata in the Magna Mater Temple Using Solid‐state Voltammetric Analysis of Leaded Bronze Coins

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