Archeoseismic study of damage in Roman and Medieval structures in the center of Cologne, Germany

Hinzen, Klaus‐G.; Schreiber, Stephan; Fleischer, Claus; Reamer, Sharon K.; Wiosna, Isabel

doi:10.1007/s10950-012-9327-2

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most but not all observations of damage at the CAB can be related to earthquake ground motions. Figure 21 summarizes the plausibility of observed damage and potential cause for the CAB in the form a matrix (Galadini et al 2006;Hinzen et al 2012) categorizing the damage/cause relation simply feasible, questionable, or unfeasible. Plausibility is then quantified by a number between 0 and 1 (Hinzen et al 2012), meaning that none or all of the observations can be explained by a particular cause, respectively.…”

Section: Fig 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 21 summarizes the plausibility of observed damage and potential cause for the CAB in the form a matrix (Galadini et al 2006;Hinzen et al 2012) categorizing the damage/cause relation simply feasible, questionable, or unfeasible. Plausibility is then quantified by a number between 0 and 1 (Hinzen et al 2012), meaning that none or all of the observations can be explained by a particular cause, respectively. Six causes are linked to 11 observations which have been discussed above with the highest score of 63% possibility assigned to a seismogenic origin.…”

Section: Fig 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21Plausibility matrix linking six potential causes of damage (rows) with 11 observations or damage descriptions of the CAB and its surrounding. The index is a measure of plausibility of a single cause in terms of all observations and damage descriptions(Hinzen et al 2012)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Archaeoseismological study of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge, Kairouan, Tunisia

Hinzen

Meghraoui²,

Bahrouni

et al. 2021

Med. Geosc. Rev.

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In the past, several destructive earthquakes have occurred in the North African Atlas Mountain ranges located along the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary. Although the region is rich with impressive archaeological sites, including those in modern Tunisia, few comprehensive archaeoseismological studies have been conducted. Historic sources account at least three damaging earthquakes in the Kairouan area in central Tunisia between AD 859 and 1041. Little is known about which faults triggered these earthquakes or the size of these events. The water supply of the city of Kairouan depended on a 32-km-long aqueduct with a large bridge (now partially collapsed) at the confluence of the de Mouta and Cherichira rivers. The original bridge of Roman construction was retrofitted twice during the Aghlabid period (AD 800–903) and probably in AD 995 during the Fatimid period. The ruined section of the bridge shows damage which might be related to the AD 859 earthquake shaking. Here, we present a detailed study of the history, the status and the damage of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge using previous historic accounts and written works, a 3D laser scan model, local geological and seismological characteristics, and include results of radiocarbon dating and a timeline of events. In addition to earthquake ground motions, we consider severe flash floods on the bridge as a potential cause of the damage. We estimate the severity of such flash floods and develop a model with 18 earthquake scenarios on local reverse and strike-slip faults with magnitudes between MW 6.1 and 7.2. While a few damage patterns might be indicative of flooding, most damage can be attributed to earthquakes. It is highly probable that the earthquake in AD 859 caused enough damage to the Aghlabid bridge to render it dysfunctional; however, to resolve the question of whether another earthquake in AD 911 or 1041 caused the complete destruction of the previously retrofitted aqueduct by the Fatimids requires dating of additional sections of the bridge.

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Section: Fig 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeoseismological study of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge, Kairouan, Tunisia

Hinzen

Meghraoui²,

Bahrouni

et al. 2021

Med. Geosc. Rev.

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“…There is an increasing interest in using these techniques in several fields: heritage (Teza and Pesci, 2013;Hinzen et al, 2013;Tapete et al, 2013), medicine, geological survey and computer vision (Lubowiecka et al, 2011). Applications of the techniques have been used in construction safety (Prokop and Panholzer, 2009), load monitoring of structures (Pesci et al, 2012), disaster management (Mikoš et al, 2005) and construction progress evaluation (Turkan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil settlement and deformed geometry on a historical structure

Yardım

Mustafaraj

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Protecting the historical character of a valued structure during the assessment and damage repair process is a very challenging task for many engineers. Heritage protection is complicated by a lack of design details and restrictions on sample extraction needed to obtain accurate material properties and limited studies on the restoration of certain types of historical structures. This study aims to assess the effects of soil settlement on a structure's stress concentrations and the value of laser scanning techniques on structure analysis in obtaining correct data of settlement vs. deformation. Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data are used to analyse the 500-year-old historical structure of Naziresha's Mosque. The obtained TLS data allow an accurate definition of the imperfect geometry patterns lying on every side of the structure. The soil profile and general crack formation together with TLS measurement proves that the structure deformed toward the south façade, where a railway and motorway are also located. Stress concentration and mode period results have a considerable difference, which highlights earthquake vulnerability and failure mechanisms and changes the strategy of possible retrofitting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil settlement and deformed geometry on a historical structure

Yardım¹,

Mustafaraj²

2013

Preprint

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Abstract. Protecting the historic character of a valued structure during the assessment and damage repair process is a very challenging task for many engineers. Heritage protection is complicated by a lack of design details and restrictions on sample extraction needed to obtain accurate material properties and limited studies on the restoration of certain types of historical structures. This study aims to assess the effects of soil settlement on a structure's stress concentrations and the value of laser scanning techniques on structure analysis in obtaining correct data of settlement vs. deformation. Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data are used to analyse the 500 yr-old historical structure of Naziresha's Mosque. The obtained TLS data allow an accurate definition of the imperfect geometry patterns lying on every side of the structure. The soil profile and general crack formation together with TLS measurement proves that the structure deformed toward the south façade, where a railway and motorway are also located. Stress concentration and mode period results have a considerable difference, which highlights earthquake vulnerability and failure mechanisms and changes the strategy of possible retrofitting.

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Archeoseismic study of damage in Roman and Medieval structures in the center of Cologne, Germany

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Archaeoseismological study of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge, Kairouan, Tunisia

Archaeoseismological study of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge, Kairouan, Tunisia

Effects of soil settlement and deformed geometry on a historical structure

Effects of soil settlement and deformed geometry on a historical structure

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