Archibald Cochrane (1909-1988): the father of evidence-based medicine

Stavrou, Antonio; Challoumas, Dimitrios; Dimitrakakis, Georgios

doi:10.1093/icvts/ivt451

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the twentieth century, pioneering works by distinguished professors Cochrane A [1], Guyatt GH [2], and Chalmers IG [3] have led us to the evidence-based medicine (EBM) era. In this era, how to search, critically appraise, and use the best evidence is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?

et al. 2020

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Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment is an important step before study initiation usage. Therefore, accurately judging study type is the first priority, and the choosing proper tool is also important. In this review, we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial (including individual and cluster), animal study, non-randomized interventional studies (including follow-up study, controlled before-and-after study, before-after/ pre-post study, uncontrolled longitudinal study, interrupted time series study), cohort study, case-control study, cross-sectional study (including analytical and descriptive), observational case series and case reports, comparative effectiveness research, diagnostic study, health economic evaluation, prediction study (including predictor finding study, prediction model impact study, prognostic prediction model study), qualitative study, outcome measurement instruments (including patient -reported outcome measure development, content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity/ measurement invariance, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, hypotheses testing for construct validity, and responsiveness), systematic review and meta-analysis, and clinical practice guideline. The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools. In one word, comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?

et al. 2020

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“…Archibald Leman Cochrane bio je škotski liječnik kojeg zbog njegovog djelovanja smatramo idejnim začetnikom medicine temeljene na dokazima. Njegova strast za prikupljanjem i analizom sustavnih pregleda vodila je prema osnivanju međunarod-ne organizacije, koja je u njegovu čast nazvana Cochrane kolaboracijom 4 . Profesor Archie Cochrane 1972. godine objavljuje svoju knjigu pod naslovom Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services.…”

Section: Razdoblje Prije Osnutka Cochrane Kolaboracijeunclassified

“…Iako je ova monografija izvorno bila namijenjena studentima i nemedicinskim stručnjacima, iznenađujuće ju je dobro prihvatila medicinska zajednica, i kao kvalitetan tekst, ali i kao knjigu koja sadrži kliničke primjere širokog spektra medicinskih disciplina 4 . Nakon uspjeha svoje knjige oko podizanja svijesti o problemima u državnom zdravstvenom sustavu i njihovoj politici, Cochrane je nastavio zagovarati vrijednosti RCT-a u sustavima zdravstvene zaštite.…”

Section: Razdoblje Prije Osnutka Cochrane Kolaboracijeunclassified

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Cochrane kolaboracija: povijest i razvoj

2017

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Sažetak. Cochrane kolaboracija međunarodna je i neprofitna organizacija čiji je temeljni cilj promicanje medicine temeljene na dokazima (engl. Evidence based medicine; EBM) te stvaranje i širenje pouzdanih, visokokvalitetnih dokaza o intervencijskim i dijagnostičkim postupcima u zdravstvenoj zaštiti. Archibald Cochrane bio je škotski liječnik i jedan od idejnih začetnika medicine temeljene na dokazima, u čiju je čast organizacija dobila ime. Organizacija je osnovana 1993. godine u Oxfordu (UK) pod vodstvom sira Iaina Chalmersa. Danas Cochrane kolaboracija okuplja više od 40 tisuća suradnika i volontera iz više od 130 zemalja. Cochrane kolaboracija sastoji se od nekoliko različitih radnih skupina, koje podržavaju rad organizacije. Glavni proizvod Cochrane kolaboracije je baza sustavnih pregleda (engl. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; CDSR) koja predstavlja glavni dio knjižnice Cochrane (engl. Cochrane Library). Knjižnica Cochrane sadrži različite vrste visokokvalitetnih, neovisnih dokaza za donošenje odluka u zdravstvu. Svakodnevni razvoj Cochrane kolaboracije očituje se povećanjem broja Cochrane sustavnih pregleda te broja suradnika. Cochrane kolaboracija ima nekoliko ciljeva za budućnost, među kojima se ističu želja da se visokokvalitetni dokazi učine dostupnima svakome diljem svijeta te etabliranje kolaboracije kao glavnog zagovornika zdravstvene zaštite temeljene na dokazima.Ključne riječi: Archibald Cochrane; Cochrane kolaboracija; Iain Chalmers; medicina temeljena na dokazima Abstract. Cochrane Collaboration is an international and non-profit organization whose main goal is to promote Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and to create and disseminate reliable, high-quality evidence on interventional and diagnostic procedures in the health care. Archibald Cochrane was a Scottish physician and one of the founders of evidence-based medicine. The organization was named after him, in his honour. The organization was founded in 1993 in Oxford (UK), under the leadership of Sir Iain Chalmers. Nowadays, Cochrane Collaboration brings together over 40 000 associates and volunteers from more than 130 countries. Cochrane Collaboration consists of several different working groups, which support the organization. The main product of Cochrane Collaboration is the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), which is the main part of the Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library contains various types of high-quality, independent evidence for decision-making in healthcare. The daily development of Cochrane Collaboration is concentrated on the increase of the number of Cochrane systematic reviews and the number of collaborators. Cochrane Collaboration has several goals for the future, including a desire to make high-quality evidence available to anyone around the world and to establish collaboration as the main evidence-based health advocate.

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“…The evolutionary progression of EBP began with the seminal work of Archibald Cochrane in 1972 (Stavrou, Challoumas, & Dimitrakakis, 2013). He emphasized the need for the critical examination of research evidence by systematically reviewing it to derive best practices.…”

Section: Importance Of Ebp In Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

CNE Quiz: Probing the Relationship Between Evidence-Based Practice Implementation Models and Critical Thinking in Applied Nursing Practice

2016

J Contin Educ Nurs

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Instructions: 1.2 contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz. A contact hour certificate will be awarded after you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at http://goo.gl/gMfXaf. In order to obtain contact hours you must: 1. Read the article, "Probing the Relationship Between Evidence-Based Practice Implementation Models and Critical Thinking in Applied Nursing Practice," found on pages 161-168, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz. 2. Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study.

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Archibald Cochrane (1909-1988): the father of evidence-based medicine

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?

Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?

Cochrane kolaboracija: povijest i razvoj

CNE Quiz: Probing the Relationship Between Evidence-Based Practice Implementation Models and Critical Thinking in Applied Nursing Practice

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