Architectural design and promises of carbon materials for energy conversion and storage: in laboratory and industry

On the environmental competitiveness of sodium-ion batteries under a full life cycle perspective – a cell-chemistry specific modelling approach

“…Similarly, information about the cycling efficiency of sodium ion batteries is scarce. 58 However, SIB achieve similar coulombic efficiencies as LIB, and their round trip efficiency can therefore be assumed to be comparable to those of LiFP and LiNMC-type LIB, 17,19,46 with values of over 90%. Similar values are reported also for the aqueous SIB alternative.…”

Zirconia-free NaSICON solid electrolyte materials for sodium all-solid-state batteries

“…Although lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered some of the most promising energy storage systems, 1 their electrolytes consist of Li salts in a mixture of nonaqueous flammable organic solvents, 2 which pose serious fire hazards 3 in the event of thermal runaways. While LIBs share the same working principles as sodium (Na)-ion batteries (NIBs), 4 NIBs have reduced costs due to sodium's high relative abundance compared to Li (2.5% vs. 0.0032% of Earth's crust). 5 NIBs use inexpensive aluminum current collectors instead of costly copper ones in LIBs.…”

A Comparative Review of Lead-Acid, Lithium-Ion and Ultra-Capacitor Technologies and Their Degradation Mechanisms

“…Currently there exists a multitude of energy storage technologies: pumped-hydro and compressed-air energy storage facilities, flywheels, superconducting magnetic storage and electrochemical energy storage [12]. The first four options are limited by their site-dependence [14][15][16], capacity [17,18] or response capabilities [15,19], whereas electrochemical energy storage (such as batteries and supercapacitors) offers more flexibility in capacity [20], siting and rapid response capabilities [21] that meet a larger range of applications [22] as compared to the other types of energy storage. Due to their versatility, high energy density, efficiency and cost, batteries have seen great growth in their application in energy storage systems [23].…”