Architectural Glass

Belis, Jan; Louter, Christian; Nielsen, Jens Henrik; Schneider, Jens

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93728-1_52

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Strengthening is one of the most common techniques for this purpose. Strengthening can be implemented either thermally or chemically, in which pre-stressed layers are introduced on both sides of the glass (Kistler 1962;Lee, Rogers, and Woo 1965;Belis et al 2019). In the thermal strengthening process, the glass is heated above the glass transition temperature, and subsequently quenched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental strength characterisation of thin chemically pre-stressed glass based on laser-induced flaws

et al. 2022

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The strength of chemically pre-stressed glass depends on the depth of surface flaws and the value of the pre-stress. So far, some research has been conducted on this topic; however, there were always uncertainties regarding the flaw depth and the pre-stress profile. Consequently, this research characterises the pre-stress profile using experimental methods. The latter include measuring the depth of layer (DoL) and the surface compressive pre-stress (CS) with FSM-7000h and verifying the achieved DoL with the Na + and K + distribution through the thickness obtained from the SEM/EDS analysis. Results demonstrate that the amount of K decreases parabolically (secondorder) to a certain value and then remains constant. Based on this observation and some boundary conditions, the equation of the pre-stress profile was obtained for thin chemically pre-stressed aluminosilicate glass (Falcon®) with 8h and 24h processing durations in molten salt at 460 ˚C. A non-strengthened glass (NSG) was also used as a reference for comparison. Then, three artificial laser-induced flaws with accurately controlled depths is tested by means of a clamp bender. The results of the strength tests demonstrated very low deviations in the failure stress. It was shown that even when the depth of the flaw is higher than the DoL, which means that the flaw tip enters the zone with the pre-tensile stress, there is still considerable resistance from the surrounding intact area. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the pre-stress strain energy for 24h processing is larger than for 8h, leading to more fragmentation after failure under a similar loading condition. Finally, it was found that the fracture toughness is not constant through the pre-stressed glass thickness, and it is dependent on the pre-stress profile with the peak value at the glass surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental strength characterisation of thin chemically pre-stressed glass based on laser-induced flaws

et al. 2022

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“…Glass, as a building material, has the characteristics of high transparency, thermal insulation, light weight, and durability. It is possibly one of the best materials for an architectural curtain wall in terms of aesthetic appeal, energy conservation, ease of construction, and environmental protection 1–3 . Among various types of glass units, the insulation glass unit, typically consisting of two glass panels and an airspace filled with krypton or argon, performs best in reducing heat and sound transmission 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possibly one of the best materials for an architectural curtain wall in terms of aesthetic appeal, energy conservation, ease of construction, and environmental protection. [1][2][3] Among various types of glass units, the insulation glass unit, typically consisting of two glass panels and an airspace filled with krypton or argon, performs best in reducing heat and sound transmission. 4,5 In line with rapid economic development and urbanization, the use of glass curtain walls in high-rise buildings has been increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic behavior of a fully tempered insulating glass curtain wall system under various loading protocols

Ji,

Zhuang,

Lim

et al. 2023

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This paper investigates the seismic behavior of a glass curtain wall system under various loading scenarios. Experimental set‐ups and approaches were developed to test full‐scale fully tempered (FT) insulating glass curtain wall systems subjected to three loading protocols: quasi‐static in‐plane loading, dynamic in‐plane loading, and dynamic coupled in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loading. A refined finite element (FE) model was developed to understand the behavior of the system. The average drift associated with glass cracking and fallout was found to be nearly identical for quasi‐static and dynamic in‐plane loading, indicating that in‐plane floor accelerations exerted marginal influence on the failure of the glass curtain walls. Bi‐directional loading led to an approximately 30% decrease in the glass fallout drift compared with in‐plane loading. This is because the out‐of‐plane drift placed an increased stress demand on the glass panel, as indicated by the FE analysis. Both the experimental tests and FE analysis revealed that the ASCE 7–16 formula, which is used to calculate the drift of contact between the glass and frame, is nonconservative as it does not consider the deformation of the surrounding frame and the friction between the gasket and the glass. The failure mechanism of the glass panel was caused by the stress concentrations at the diagonal corners due to glass‐to‐frame contact. The FE analysis indicated that the interactional effect among different glass units was negligible, and the glass panels exhibited a similar stress state regardless of their positions.

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“…Glass shows high stiffness, significant compressive strength, and environmental durability. However, unlike traditional building materials, it shows inherently brittle behaviour and, thus, cannot redistribute stress concentrations via plastic deformation [ 4 , 5 ]. When overloaded, glass fractures within milliseconds without warning signs of impending cracking; thus, its failure can be sudden and catastrophic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monotonic and Creep Studies on the Pull-Through Resistance of Laminated Glass with Locally Embedded Steel Mesh

2022

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The paper deals with the phenomenon of post-breakage capacity in point-fixed laminated glass elements and reports the results of an ongoing research project aimed at developing a reinforced point-fixed laminated glass element with locally embedded steel mesh and increased post-breakage capacity. The work involved monotonic and creep studies on the pull-through resistance in a custom-made experimental setup. A total of 12 test series and 48 specimens were tested, including reference and reinforced samples. In the monotonic loading experiment, the load increase after the initial glass breakage was observed for all specimens. However, the reinforced specimens with embedded steel mesh showed significantly improved post-breakage capacity. It was found that the local reinforcement in the direct vicinity of the hole in the glass increased the post-breakage strength by 46.3%, 102.6%, and 156.2% for reinforcement diameters of 75 mm, 110 mm, and 150 mm, respectively. Moreover, the creep study found that the reinforcement significantly increased the time to failure.

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Architectural Glass

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Experimental strength characterisation of thin chemically pre-stressed glass based on laser-induced flaws

Experimental strength characterisation of thin chemically pre-stressed glass based on laser-induced flaws

Seismic behavior of a fully tempered insulating glass curtain wall system under various loading protocols

Monotonic and Creep Studies on the Pull-Through Resistance of Laminated Glass with Locally Embedded Steel Mesh

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