Architectural RNA in chromatin organization

Thakur, Jitendra; Henikoff, Steven

doi:10.1042/bst20191226

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…RNase A, which is active in skeletal muscle, 47 is a general RNase that catalyzes the cleavage of RNA on the 3’ side of pyrimidine nucleotides. 32 The presence of RNase A on condensed chromatin suggests an action of this enzyme in this nuclear compartment where RNA plays a direct role in the chromatin structural organization (reviewed in 48 ). In the interchromatin space, the immunolabeling for RNase A on IGs (where factors involved in mRNA transcription and maturation are stored, assembled and modified 17 ) were not statistically significant different in late adult and old mice (10.77%±0.05 vs. 11.75%±0.04, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry shows impairment of RNA pathways in skeletal muscle nuclei of old mice: A link to sarcopenia?

et al. 2021

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During aging, skeletal muscle is affected by sarcopenia, a progressive decline in muscle mass, strength and endurance that leads to loss of function and disability. Cell nucleus dysfunction is a possible factor contributing to sarcopenia because aging-associated alterations in mRNA and rRNA transcription/maturation machinery have been shown in several cell types including muscle cells. In this study, the distribution and density of key molecular factors involved in RNA pathways namely, nuclear actin (a motor protein and regulator of RNA transcription), 5-methyl cytosine (an epigenetic regulator of gene transcription), and ribonuclease A (an RNA degrading enzyme) were compared in different nuclear compartments of late adult and old mice myonuclei by means of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. In all nuclear compartments, an age-related decrease of nuclear actin suggested altered chromatin structuring and impaired nucleus-to-cytoplasm transport of both mRNA and ribosomal subunits, while a decrease of 5-methyl cytosine and ribonuclease A in the nucleoli of old mice indicated an age-dependent loss of rRNA genes. These findings provide novel experimental evidence that, in the aging skeletal muscle, nuclear RNA pathways undergo impairment, likely hindering protein synthesis and contributing to the onset and progression of sarcopenia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry shows impairment of RNA pathways in skeletal muscle nuclei of old mice: A link to sarcopenia?

et al. 2021

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“…Ribosomal RNA has been described to play an important role in the organization of inactive heterochromatin, [ 52 ] and RNA is known to be a crucial architectural organizer of chromatin. [ 53 ] Although the ability of MeCP2 to interact with RNA has been long recognized, [ 54 ] this area of MeCP2 biology remains still quite underdeveloped. [ 55 ]…”

Section: Mecp2 As An Rna Binding Protein (Rbp) Involved In the Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

MeCP2: latest insights fundamentally change our understanding of its interactions with chromatin and its functional attributes

Vincent

Ausió

2021

BioEssays

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Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) was initially isolated as an exclusive reader of DNA methylated at CpG. This recognition site, was subsequently extended to other DNA methylated residues and it has been the persisting dogma that binding to methylated DNA constitutes its physiologically relevant role. As we review here, two very recent papers fundamentally change our understanding of the interactions of this protein with chromatin, as well as its functional attributes. In the first one, the protein has been shown to bind to tri‐methylated histone H3 (H3K27me3), providing a hint for what might turn out to be the first described chromodomain‐containing protein reader in the animal kingdom, and unequivocally demonstrates the ability of MeCP2 to bind to nonmethylated CpG regions of the genome. The second paper reports how the protein dynamically participates in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin condensates. Histone H3K27me3 is a critical component of this form of chromatin.

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“…RNAs can act either in cis by targeting genomic DNA or in trans through RNAP complexes and interactions with DNA-binding proteins, such as TFs and DNA/histone modifiers, to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. There are extensive studies and reviews of the roles of ncRNAs in the regulation of DNA/histone modifications, chromatin structure, and gene expression [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. In contrast, the role of RNA modifications and RNA modifying proteins (RMPs) in chromatin plasticity and transcription regulation remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Epigenetics: Fine-Tuning Chromatin Plasticity and Transcriptional Regulation, and the Implications in Human Diseases

Willbanks

Wood

Cheng

2021

Genes

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Chromatin structure plays an essential role in eukaryotic gene expression and cell identity. Traditionally, DNA and histone modifications have been the focus of chromatin regulation; however, recent molecular and imaging studies have revealed an intimate connection between RNA epigenetics and chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that RNA serves as the interplay between chromatin and the transcription and splicing machineries within the cell. Additionally, epigenetic modifications of nascent RNAs fine-tune these interactions to regulate gene expression at the co- and post-transcriptional levels in normal cell development and human diseases. This review will provide an overview of recent advances in the emerging field of RNA epigenetics, specifically the role of RNA modifications and RNA modifying proteins in chromatin remodeling, transcription activation and RNA processing, as well as translational implications in human diseases.

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Architectural RNA in chromatin organization

Cited by 46 publications

References 121 publications

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry shows impairment of RNA pathways in skeletal muscle nuclei of old mice: A link to sarcopenia?

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry shows impairment of RNA pathways in skeletal muscle nuclei of old mice: A link to sarcopenia?

MeCP2: latest insights fundamentally change our understanding of its interactions with chromatin and its functional attributes

RNA Epigenetics: Fine-Tuning Chromatin Plasticity and Transcriptional Regulation, and the Implications in Human Diseases

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