Architecture and applications of a high resolution gated SPAD image sensor

Burri, Samuel; Maruyama, Yuki; Michalet, Xavier; Regazzoni, Francesco; Bruschini, Claudio; Charbon, Edoardo

doi:10.1364/oe.22.017573

Cited by 108 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this Letter we will only discuss nonfitting time-domain methods applicable to highly parallel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays [5][6][7]. Time-domain FLIM usually employs time-gated cameras [6,[8][9][10] or time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) modules [1,3].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in SPADs have shown a great potential to provide a step-change in FLIM techniques [5][6][7]. SPADs can be fabricated in 2D arrays and integrated with digital circuits in a single chipset using a power supply compatible with commercial field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips without using any cooling modules and high-voltage power supplies (usually required in CCD systems).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fast bi-exponential fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis methods

Li¹,

Yu²,

Chen³

2015

Opt. Lett.

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/51183/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Fast bi-exponential fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis methods

Li¹,

Yu²,

Chen³

2015

Opt. Lett.

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“…Binary images are acquired at a rate of 16kfps, while timing performance is not reported. These SPAD-based sensors are good potential candidates for coincidence detection of spatially correlated photon pairs, however, they suffer from very low fill factors [1,4], time-coincidence detection capability longer than 0.6ns [1,11,4], acquisition frame rates below 160kHz [1,11,4,5], limited spatial resolution of the 2D pixel array arrangement [1,11].…”

Section: State Of the Art In Cmos Spad Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, they represent a valid alternative to Electron-Multiplying CCDs (EMCCD). So far, CMOS SPAD technology has been applied (i) in biology for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) [1] and Raman Spectroscopy [2]; (ii) in the medical field for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) [3]; (iii) in the industrial/automotive/space domains for 3D Time-of-Flight (3D ToF) measurements [4,5,6]; and (iv) in cryptography for Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) [7]. Recently, CMOS SPAD consumer products entered the market as Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) devices for smartphone camera autofocusing [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SUPERTWIN: towards 100kpixel CMOS quantum image sensors for quantum optics applications

et al. 2017

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Quantum imaging uses entangled photons to overcome the limits of a classical-light apparatus in terms of image quality, beating the standard shot-noise limit, and exceeding the Abbe diffraction limit for resolution. In today experiments, the spatial properties of entangled photons are recorded by means of complex and slow setups that include either the motorized scanning of single-pixel single-photon detectors, such as Photo-Multiplier Tubes (PMT) or Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPM), or the use of low frame rate intensified CCD cameras. CMOS arrays of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) represent a relatively recent technology that may lead to simpler setups and faster acquisition. They are spatially-and time-resolved single-photon detectors, i.e. they can provide the position within the array and the time of arrival of every detected photon with <100 ps resolution. SUPERTWIN is a European H2020 project aiming at developing the technological building blocks (emitter, detector and system) for a new, all solid-state quantum microscope system exploiting entangled photons to overcome the Rayleigh limit, targeting a resolution of 40nm. This work provides the measurement results of the 2 nd order cross-correlation function relative to a flux of entangled photon pairs acquired with a fully digital 8×16 pixel SPAD array in CMOS technology. The limitations for application in quantum optics of the employed architecture and of other solutions in the literature will be analyzed, with emphasis on crosstalk. Then, the specifications for a dedicated detector will be given, paving the way for future implementations of 100kpixel Quantum Image Sensors.

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“…It remains to be seen what recent pixel designs such as CMOS-based single-photon avalanche diode arrays 12 will be able to contribute to transient imaging.…”

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Computational imaging of light in flight

Hullin

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Many computer vision tasks are hindered by image formation itself, a process that is governed by the so-called plenoptic integral. By averaging light falling into the lens over space, angle, wavelength and time, a great deal of information is irreversibly lost. The emerging idea of transient imaging operates on a time resolution fast enough to resolve non-stationary light distributions in real-world scenes. It enables the discrimination of light contributions by the optical path length from light source to receiver, a dimension unavailable in mainstream imaging to date. Until recently, such measurements used to require high-end optical equipment and could only be acquired under extremely restricted lab conditions. To address this challenge, we introduced a family of computational imaging techniques operating on standard time-of-flight image sensors, for the first time allowing the user to "film" light in flight in an affordable, practical and portable way. Just as impulse responses have proven a valuable tool in almost every branch of science and engineering, we expect light-in-flight analysis to impact a wide variety of applications in computer vision and beyond.

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Architecture and applications of a high resolution gated SPAD image sensor

Cited by 108 publications

References 29 publications

Fast bi-exponential fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis methods

Fast bi-exponential fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis methods

SUPERTWIN: towards 100kpixel CMOS quantum image sensors for quantum optics applications

Computational imaging of light in flight

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