Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall

Abstract

The wall gives a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell its osmotic integrity; defines cell shape during budding growth, mating, sporulation, and pseudohypha formation; and presents adhesive glycoproteins to other yeast cells. The wall consists of b1,3-and b1,6-glucans, a small amount of chitin, and many different proteins that may bear N-and O-linked glycans and a glycolipid anchor. These components become cross-linked in various ways to form higher-order complexes. Wall composition and degree of cross-linking vary during growth and development and change in response to cell wall stress. This article reviews wall biogenesis in vegetative cells, covering the structure of wall components and how they are cross-linked; the biosynthesis of N-and O-linked glycans, glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors, b1,3-and b1,6-linked glucans, and chitin; the reactions that cross-link wall components; and the possible functions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic cell wall proteins. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 775Introduction 777

Thematic Review Series: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchors: Biochemistry and Cell Biology Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins: special emphasis on GPI lipid remodeling

“…GPI-APs are the major components of the mannan layer ( 172 ). After GPI-APs reach the plasma membrane, many yeast GPI-APs are further transported to the cell wall ( Fig.…”

Unexpected Function of the Glucanosyltransferase Gas1 in the DNA Damage Response Linked to Histone H3 Acetyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…The function of Gas1 at the cell wall has been studied extensively (reviewed in Popolo and Vai 1999;Orlean 2012), but less is known about the pool of Gas1 that is contiguous with the nuclear periphery (Huh et al 2003). Genome-wide studies report .50 interactions of GAS1 with genes encoding nuclear proteins, many of which are active in chromatin dynamics and/or the DDR (www.thebiogrid.org).…”

Effects of the F-actin inhibitor latrunculin A on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Theoretically, about 90 GS molecules Fkslp should be accumulated in one AP/FLI to produce one b-1,3-glucan microfibril of 10 nm in width. A single GS can synthesize (in cooperation with other enzymes) (Klis 1994;Orlean 2012;Teparić & Mrša, 2013;Klis et al, 2014) only a single branched b-1,3-glucan molecule of an amorphous glucan matrix along the cell surface. However, we have no evidence to confirm this, because the cell wall layer of the mother cells remained unchanged after LA treatment; the cells only became spherical and larger.…”