Architecture and Characteristics of Bacterial Nanotubes

Dubey, Gyanendra P.; Mohan, Ganesh Babu Malli; Dubrovsky, Anna; Amen, Triana; Tsipshtein, Shai; Rouvinski, Alex; Rosenberg, Alex; Kaganovich, Daniel; Sherman, Eilon; Medalia, Ohad; Ben-Yehuda, Sigal

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.013

Cited by 95 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, membrane extensions in the form of OMV chains have only recently been discovered and much remains unknown about their formation mechanism and specific function 37 . In the Gram-negative Shewanella vesiculosa 38 and Myxococcus xanthus 39,40 and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis 41 , membrane extensions in the form of OMV chains, similar to those reported here, have been observed using cryo-EM with implications for cell-cell connections in the latter two examples. While the S. oneidensis nanowires are thought to function as electron conduits 21 , their structural similarity to these previous reports highlights the significance of imaging nanowires as a model system to study the formation of OMV chains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The ultrastructure ofShewanella oneidensisMR-1 nanowires revealed by electron cryo-tomography

Subramanian¹,

Pirbadian

El‐Naggar

et al. 2017

Preprint

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nanowires are extensions of the outer membrane that contain EET components. 6However, their fine structure and distribution of cytochrome electron carriers 2 7 remained unclear, making it difficult to evaluate the electron transport mechanism 2 8 along the nanowires. Here, we report high-resolution images of nanowires using 2 9Electron Cryo-Tomography (ECT). We developed a robust method for fLM 3 0 imaging of nanowire growth on electron microscopy grids and used correlative 3 1 light and electron microscopy to identify and image the same nanowires by ECT. proteins consistent with cytochromes. We observe tight packing of putative 3 9 cytochromes along lateral patches that extend tens of nanometers, but not across 4 0

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The ultrastructure ofShewanella oneidensisMR-1 nanowires revealed by electron cryo-tomography

Subramanian¹,

Pirbadian

El‐Naggar

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…OMV chains have recently been described in M. xanthus and have been suggested to play a role in cell‐cell communication and predation (Berleman et al ., ; Ducret et al ., ; Evans et al ., ; Kahnt et al ., ; Remis et al ., ; Whitworth, ; Wei et al ., ). Similar extracellular structures have also been observed in other bacterial species, such as Bacillus subtilis (Dubey et al ., ). Intriguingly, it is clear that these structures are distinct from T4P because under certain conditions a Δ pilA mutant produces OMV chains (Wei et al ., ) and there is no evidence that PilA is enriched in these structures (Berleman et al ., ; Kahnt et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Type IV‐pili dependent motility is co‐regulated by PilSR and PilS2R2 two‐component systems via distinct pathways in Myxococcus xanthus

Bretl

Müller

Ladd

et al. 2016

Molecular Microbiology

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Myxococcus xanthus is an environmental bacterium with two forms of motility. One type, known as social motility, is dependent on extension and retraction of Type-IV pili (T4P) and production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Several signaling systems have been linked to regulation of T4P-dependent motility. In particular, expression of the pilin subunit pilA requires the PilSR two-component signaling system (TCS). A second TCS, PilS2R2, encoded within the same locus that encodes PilSR, has also been linked to M. xanthus T4P-dependent motility. We demonstrate that PilSR and PilS2R2 regulate M. xanthus T4P-dependent motility through distinct pathways. Consistent with known roles of PilSR, our results indicate that the primary function of PilSR is to regulate expression of pilA. In contrast, PilS2 and PilR2 have little to no affect on PilA protein levels. However, deletion of pilR2 resulted in a reduction of assembled pili, significant decreases in EPS production and loss of T4P-dependent motility. Furthermore, the pilR2 mutation led to increased production of outer membrane vesicles (OMV). Collectively, we propose that PilS2R2 is required for proper assembly of T4P and regulation of OMV production, and hypothesize that production of these vesicles is related to M. xanthus motility.

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“…Bacterial nanotubes form bridges between neighboring cells, generating conduits for exchange of molecules and allowing direct cell‐to‐cell communication . Nanotubes can transfer nonconjugative plasmids between cells and may bud off to form membrane vesicles . The extent to which nanotubes can connect the cells of different taxa, and the ability of vesicles to fuse with diverse bacterial cells, is currently unknown (Table ), so their relative contribution to LGT is difficult to estimate.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Lateral Gene Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral gene transfer, bacterial genome evolution, and the Anthropocene

Gillings

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

120

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Lateral gene transfer (LGT) has significantly influenced bacterial evolution since the origins of life. It helped bacteria generate flexible, mosaic genomes and enables individual cells to rapidly acquire adaptive phenotypes. In turn, this allowed bacteria to mount strong defenses against human attempts to control their growth. The widespread dissemination of genes conferring resistance to antimicrobial agents has precipitated a crisis for modern medicine. Our actions can promote increased rates of LGT and also provide selective forces to fix such events in bacterial populations. For instance, the use of selective agents induces the bacterial SOS response, which stimulates LGT. We create hotspots for lateral transfer, such as wastewater systems, hospitals, and animal production facilities. Conduits of gene transfer between humans and animals ensure rapid dissemination of recent transfer events, as does modern transport and globalization. As resistance to antibacterial compounds becomes universal, there is likely to be increasing selection pressure for phenotypes with adverse consequences for human welfare, such as enhanced virulence, pathogenicity, and transmission. Improved understanding of the ecology of LGT could help us devise strategies to control this fundamental evolutionary process.

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Architecture and Characteristics of Bacterial Nanotubes

Cited by 95 publications

References 30 publications

The ultrastructure ofShewanella oneidensisMR-1 nanowires revealed by electron cryo-tomography

The ultrastructure ofShewanella oneidensisMR-1 nanowires revealed by electron cryo-tomography

Type IV‐pili dependent motility is co‐regulated by PilSR and PilS2R2 two‐component systems via distinct pathways in Myxococcus xanthus

Lateral gene transfer, bacterial genome evolution, and the Anthropocene

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