Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks

Nevo, Reinat; Chuartzman, Silvia; Tsabari, Onie; Reich, Ziv; Charuvi, Dana; Shimoni, Eyal

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_14

Cited by 34 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 257 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…S1). This procedure is also known to preserve cellular structures and organelles with high fidelity (1,(8)(9)(10). The results obtained from this analysis likewise indicated an extensive (91%) expansion of the granal thylakoid lumen in the light.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Kirchhoff

Hall

Wood

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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223

224

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The machinery that conducts the light-driven reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis is hosted within specialized paired membranes called thylakoids. In higher plants, the thylakoids are segregated into two morphological and functional domains called grana and stroma lamellae. A large fraction of the luminal volume of the granal thylakoids is occupied by the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Electron microscopy data we obtained on dark-and light-adapted Arabidopsis thylakoids indicate that the granal thylakoid lumen significantly expands in the light. Models generated for the organization of the oxygen-evolving complex within the granal lumen predict that the light-induced expansion greatly alleviates restrictions imposed on protein diffusion in this compartment in the dark. Experiments monitoring the redox kinetics of the luminal electron carrier plastocyanin support this prediction. The impact of the increase in protein mobility within the granal luminal compartment in the light on photosynthetic electron transport rates and processes associated with the repair of photodamaged photosystem II complexes is discussed.T he primary processes of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants are carried out within flattened vesicles, called thylakoids, which host the molecular complexes that conduct the light-driven reactions of photosynthesis and provide a medium for energy transduction. In higher plants and some green algae, the thylakoids are differentiated into two distinct morphological domains: cylindrical stacked regions ranging between 300 and 600 nm in diameter, coined grana, and unstacked membrane regions that interconnect the grana called stroma lamellae. The photosynthetic protein complexes are unevenly distributed between the two domains: most of photosystem II (PSII) and the major light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII) are localized in the appressed regions of the grana, whereas photosystem I (PSI) and ATP synthase are confined to nonappressed membrane regions, which include the stroma lamellae and grana end membranes and margins (refs. 1-4 and references therein).The current study focuses on the thylakoid luminal compartment. This compartment forms a continuous aqueous space encased by the thylakoid membranes, which separate it from the chloroplast stroma. The major inhabitant of the thylakoid lumen in the granal membrane domains is the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which stabilizes the manganese catalytic center of PSII and optimizes the ionic environment for water oxidation (ref. 5 and references therein). The very high density of PSII in the granal membranes (6) implies that the space available for movement in the lumen of these thylakoids may be limited, depending on the thickness of this compartment. This impending constraint, in turn, raises the possibility that diffusion of proteins in the granal thylakoid lumen may be modulated by reversible changes in its thickness. Such changes may occur in response to alterations in the light environment. To test this possibility, we ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Kirchhoff

Hall

Wood

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

223

224

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“…This massive approximately 1.4 MDa-sized holocomplex [15] is mainly localized in strictly stacked grana thylakoid areas. Grana are a characteristic feature of higher plants and some green algae thylakoid membranes [16]. Tight grana stacking is visualized by the small distance (approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes of the thylakoid membrane network induced by high light stress in plant chloroplasts

Kirchhoff

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

107

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Land plants live in a challenging environment dominated by unpredictable changes. A particular problem is fluctuation in sunlight intensity that can cause irreversible damage of components of the photosynthetic apparatus in thylakoid membranes under high light conditions. Although a battery of photoprotective mechanisms minimize damage, photoinhibition of the photosystem II (PSII) complex occurs. Plants have evolved a multi-step PSII repair cycle that allows efficient recovery from photooxidative PSII damage. An important feature of the repair cycle is its subcompartmentalization to stacked grana thylakoids and unstacked thylakoid regions. Thus, understanding the crosstalk between stacked and unstacked thylakoid membranes is essential to understand the PSII repair cycle. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of high-light-induced structural changes of the thylakoid membrane system and correlates these changes to the efficiency of the PSII repair cycle. The role of reversible protein phosphorylation for structural alterations is discussed. It turns out that dynamic changes in thylakoid membrane architecture triggered by high light exposure are central for efficient repair of PSII.

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“…Cyanobacterial strains display differences in intracellular organization, in particular having various arrangements of the thylakoid membranes within the cell interior (2). The organization of the thylakoid membrane system in cyanobacterial cells has been explored by different techniques, including recent work using electron tomography to show the three-dimensional arrangement of the membrane system (3,4). Although these studies have begun to show the complexity and spatial detail of these membrane systems, such work provides static views of what are undoubtedly dynamic structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization and Flexibility of Cyanobacterial Thylakoid Membranes Examined by Neutron Scattering

Liberton

Page

O’Dell

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:In cyanobacteria, light harvesting and photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes. Results:The distances between thylakoid membranes are correlated with the size of the phycobilisome antenna and change reversibly and rapidly upon illumination. Conclusion: Thylakoid membranes have a structural plasticity tied to the regulation of photosynthesis. Significance: Characterizing the structural changes in photosynthetic membranes is crucial for understanding light harvesting and photosynthetic productivity.

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Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks

Cited by 34 publications

References 257 publications

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Structural changes of the thylakoid membrane network induced by high light stress in plant chloroplasts

Organization and Flexibility of Cyanobacterial Thylakoid Membranes Examined by Neutron Scattering

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