Arctic marine ecosystem contamination

Muir, Derek C.G.; Wagemann, R.; Hargrave, B. T.; Thomas, Deborah J; Peakall, David B.; Norstrom, Ross J.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(92)90246-o

Cited by 376 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…⌺PCB is similar in the various Arctic white whale populations. This pattern is also found for DDT concentrations re-Ž ported in ringed seals Luckas et al, 1990;Muir . et al, 1992a;Wolkers et al, 1998 and polar bears Ž .…”

Section: ( )supporting

confidence: 65%

“…OC concentrations in ringed seals Phoca hispida tend to be higher at Svalbard and in adjacent waters compared with values from the North-Ž American Arctic Luckas et al, 1990;Muir et al, . 1992a;Wolkers et al, 1998 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This is in accordance with reports in other Arctic top predators Ž . Muir et al, 1992a;Norstrom and Muir, 1994 , Ž including white whales from other regions Muir . et al, 1990Muir .…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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Ž. Blubber was collected from live-captured, adult male white whales Delphinapterus leucas from Svalbard, Norway, Ž . and analysed for levels and patterns of organochlorine OC contaminants. The OC compounds analysed were HCB, Ž . Ž dieldrin, ⌺HCH ␣-HCH, ␤-HCH and ␥-HCH , ⌺Chl heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-non-. Ž . Ž . achlor, and cis-nonachlor , ⌺DDT ppЈ-DDT, ppЈ-DDE and ppЈ-DDD and ⌺PCB 27 PCB congeners . The major Ž . Ž . OC compounds detected in the blubber were ⌺PCB 5103 " 1874 ngrg l.w. and ⌺DDT 5108 " 1089 ngrg l.w. , Ž . which made up 70% of the ⌺OC. These compounds were followed in prevalence by ⌺Chl 2872 " 1177 ngrg l.w. , which contributed 20% of the ⌺OC burden. ⌺HCH, HCB and dieldrin were present, but at low concentrations. This OC pattern is typical of top predators in Arctic marine food chains. OC levels in white whales from Svalbard are lower than white whales from the St Lawrence River in Canada and are generally similar to values reported previously for other Arctic white whale stocks. Some geographic patterns in relative prevalence of various OC compounds appear to be quite consistent among various marine mammal species in the Arctic. PCB and DDT concentrations in Svalbard's white whales are below the levels that are thought to have negative effects on reproduction or the immune system. ᮊ

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Section: ( )supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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“…7 Elevated levels of organochlorines and metals were also detected in human fluids such as breast milk, in populations residing in different areas within the polar region. [8][9][10][11][12] At present no comprehensive data exist on the levels of contaminants in ecosystems and populations in the Southern Hemisphere. To date, in South Africa, research linking environmental exposures to human health outcomes in the general population has been scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of toxic and essential metals in maternal and umbilical cord blood from selected areas of South Africa—results of a pilot study

et al. 2009

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This pilot study uses concentrations of metals in maternal and cord blood at delivery, in seven selected geographical areas of South Africa, to determine prenatal environmental exposure to toxic metals. Samples of maternal and cord whole blood were analysed for levels of cadmium, mercury, lead, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic and selenium. Levels of some measured metals differed by site, indicating different environmental pollution levels in the regions selected for the study. Mercury levels were elevated in two coastal populations studied (Atlantic and Indian Ocean sites) with mothers from the Atlantic site having the highest median concentration of 1.78 mg/L ranging from 0.44 to 8.82 mg/L, which was found to be highly significant (p < 0.001) when compared to other sites, except the Indian Ocean site. The highest concentration of cadmium was measured in maternal blood from the Atlantic site with a median value of 0.25 mg/L (range 0.05-0.89 mg/L), and statistical significance of p < 0.032, when compared to all other sites studied, and p < 0.001 and p < 0.004 when compared to rural and industrial sites respectively, confounding factor for elevated cadmium levels was found to be cigarette smoking. Levels of lead were highest in the urban site, with a median value of 32.9 mg/L (range 16-81.5 mg/L), and statistically significant when compared with other sites (p < 0.003). Levels of selenium were highest in the Atlantic site reaching statistical significance (p < 0.001). All analysed metals were detected in umbilical cord blood samples and differed between sites, with mercury being highest in the Atlantic site (p < 0.001), lead being highest in the urban site (p < 0.004) and selenium in the Atlantic site (p < 0.001). To the best of our knowledge this pilot investigation is the first study performed in South Africa that measured multiple metals in delivering mothers and umbilical cord blood samples. These results will inform the selection of the geographical sites requiring further investigation in the main study.

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“…Aquatic organisms suffer from increasing environmental stress, via exposure to a variety of xenobiotics, such as cynobactirial toxins, organochlorines, pesticides, phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds [1][2][3][4]. Exposure to these chemicals can affect behavior, reproduction, and physiology of fish and may also result in mutations or in death of organisms and their progeny.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative profiling of mRNA expression of glutathione S‐transferase superfamily genes in various tissues of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

Xie

et al. 2010

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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ABSTRACT:The expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a crucial factor in determining the sensitivity of cells and organs in response to a variety of toxicants. In this study, we cloned the core nucleotide of alpha, kappa, mu, mGST, pi, rho, and theta-like GST genes from bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Their derived amino acid sequences were clustered with other vertebrate GSTs in a phylogenetic tree, and the bighead carp GST sequences have the highest similarity with those from common carp and zebrafish. We quantified the constitutive mRNA transcription of GST isoforms in eight different tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, muscle, heart, brain, and gill). The information obtained from the present study could be distilled into a few generalized principles: multiple GST isoenzymes were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues; majority of GSTs had high constitutive expression in intestine, liver, and kidney. These findings are in agreement with the roles of these tissues in xenobiotic metabolism. At the same time, some unique findings were detected in the current experiment: (1) higher expression of most GSTs was observed in spleen; (2) the expression of GST pi was highest in almost all the studied tissues except muscle; the other two isoforms, GST alpha and rho, were also highly expressed in liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, heart, and brain of bighead carp. All these results strongly imply an important role of these GST isoforms in detoxification of ingested xenobiotics. C

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Arctic marine ecosystem contamination

Cited by 376 publications

References 101 publications

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Levels of toxic and essential metals in maternal and umbilical cord blood from selected areas of South Africa—results of a pilot study

Quantitative profiling of mRNA expression of glutathione S‐transferase superfamily genes in various tissues of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

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