2022
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9755
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Arctic Ocean Amplification in a warming climate in CMIP6 models

Abstract: Arctic near-surface air temperature warms much faster than the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification. The change of the underlying Arctic Ocean could influence climate through its interaction with sea ice, atmosphere, and the global ocean, but it is less well understood. Here, we show that the upper 2000 m of the Arctic Ocean warms at 2.3 times the global mean rate within this depth range averaged over the 21st century in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Shared Socioeconom… Show more

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Cited by 71 publications
(88 citation statements)
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“…As mentioned above, the largest changes in MLD, SSHF, and SIC in the Atlantic sector follow the pathways of Atlantic Water inflow (Figure 1 and Figure S1 in Supporting Information ). This indicates that future Arctic climate changes are closely related to the increased OHT into the Arctic Ocean, which can cause ocean warming, sea ice decline, and increase in SSHF and MLD in previously ice‐covered areas (Årthun et al., 2017; Docquier & Koenigk, 2021; Shu et al., 2021, 2022). Therefore, significant correlations can be found between the future changes of the winter SIE and MLD in the Eurasian Basin and the future changes of the annual mean OHT through the Barents Sea Opening (BSO; Figures 2c and 2d).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As mentioned above, the largest changes in MLD, SSHF, and SIC in the Atlantic sector follow the pathways of Atlantic Water inflow (Figure 1 and Figure S1 in Supporting Information ). This indicates that future Arctic climate changes are closely related to the increased OHT into the Arctic Ocean, which can cause ocean warming, sea ice decline, and increase in SSHF and MLD in previously ice‐covered areas (Årthun et al., 2017; Docquier & Koenigk, 2021; Shu et al., 2021, 2022). Therefore, significant correlations can be found between the future changes of the winter SIE and MLD in the Eurasian Basin and the future changes of the annual mean OHT through the Barents Sea Opening (BSO; Figures 2c and 2d).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The SIE is calculated as the sum of grid cell areas where sea ice concentration (SIC) is larger than 15%. The OHT through each Arctic Ocean gateway is calculated using monthly seawater potential temperature and ocean velocity following Shu et al (2022) as:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The Arctic is a region of amplified warming, with temperatures increasing twice as fast as the global average, i.e., an Arctic amplification of climate change (Serreze et al, 2009;England et al, 2021;Shu et al, 2022). The strong temperature increase is accompanied by a decline in sea ice thickness (Kwok, 2018) and extent (Onarheim et al, 2018;Meredith et al, 2019) in all regions and all seasons.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nonetheless, climate models predict that a slowdown in the future is likely (Weijer et al, 2020), but this does not mean that a collapse of the AMOC is imminent and neither a temperature drop in the Northern Hemisphere (Shu et al, 2022). The collapse scenario is therefore categorized as "low probability, high impact" (IPCC, 2021).…”
Section: The Gulfstream and A New Ice Agementioning
confidence: 99%