Arctic sea ice reduction: the evidence, models and impacts

Feltham, D. L.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0171

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Sea-ice exists as a thin layer at the interface of the ocean and atmosphere, and is sensitive to sea-ice causes brine rejection and that increases the salinity in the ocean and the melting of sea-ice decreases the salinity which freshens the ocean. Changes in the Arctic and Antarctic seaice are one of the most direct indicators of climate change (Feltham 2015). The extensive retreat of sea-ice in the Arctic in the recent decades has been a major problem and concern for our climate system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic summer sea-ice seasonal simulation with a coupled model: Evaluation of mean features and biases

et al. 2018

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Current state of the art weather/climate models are representation of the fully coupled aspects of the components of the earth system. Sea-ice is one of the most important components of these models. Simulation of sea-ice in these models is a challenging problem. In this study, evaluation of the hindcast data of 14 boreal summer seasons with global coupled model HadGEM3 in its seasonal setup has been performed over the Arctic region from 9th May start dates. Along with the biases of the sea-ice variables, related atmosphere and oceanic variables have also been examined. The model evaluation is focused on seasonal mean of sea-ice concentration, sea-ice thickness, ocean surface current, SST, icedrift velocity and sea-ice extent. To diagnose the sea-ice biases, atmospheric variables like, 10 m wind, 2 m air temperature, sea-level pressure and ocean sub-surface temperatures were also examined. The sea-ice variables were compared with GIOMAS dataset. The atmospheric and the oceanic variables were compared with the ERA Interim and the ECMWF Ocean re-analysis (ORAP5) datasets, respectively. The model could simulate the sea-ice concentration and thickness patterns reasonably well in the Arctic Circle. However, both sea-ice concentration and thickness in the model are underestimated compared to observations. A positive (warm) bias is seen both in 2 m air temperature and SST, which are consistent with the negative sea-ice bias. Biases in ocean current and related ice drift are not related to biases in the atmospheric winds. The magnitude of the oceanic subsurface warm biases is seen to be gradually decreasing with depth, but consistent with sea-ice biases. These analyses indicate a possibility of deeper warm subsurface water in the western Arctic Ocean sector (Pacific and Atlantic exchanges) affecting the negative biases in the sea-ice at the surface. The model is able to simulate reasonably well the summer sea-ice melting process and its inter-annual variability, and has useable skill for application purpose.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic summer sea-ice seasonal simulation with a coupled model: Evaluation of mean features and biases

et al. 2018

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“…As sea surface temperature is computed from the skin temperature, it can be assumed that the SML is warming at a similar rate. This warming is of particular concern in polar regions, as continuing low sea ice coverage in the Arctic will increase the area of open ocean for gas exchange (Feltham, 2015). However, the capacity of the Arctic Ocean for uptake of atmospheric CO 2 is probably weaker than intuitively assumed, mainly due to warming of the shallow mixed layer (Steele et al, 2008), increased ventilation of the surface mixed layer (Else et al, 2013) and broader presence of the SML in polar regions forcing gas exchange to be limited by diffusion (Wurl et al, 2011).…”

Section: Air-sea Gas and Heat Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Sea surface microlayer in a changing ocean – A perspective

Wurl

Ekau

Landing

et al. 2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary interface between the atmosphere and ocean, covering about 70% of the Earth's surface. With an operationally defined thickness between 1 and 1000 µm, the SML has physicochemical and biological properties that are measurably distinct from underlying waters. Recent studies now indicate that the SML covers the ocean to a significant extent, and evidence shows that it is an aggregate-enriched biofilm environment with distinct microbial communities. Because of its unique position at the air-sea interface, the SML is central to a range of global biogeochemical and climate-related processes. The redeveloped SML paradigm pushes the SML into a new and wider context that is relevant to many ocean and climate sciences.

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“…Due to global warming, which leads to significant climate changes and more and more frequently occurring severe weather disasters, the study of global warming seems more important than ever since sea ice has begun to melt (see, e.g., [1][2][3]) and this makes sea level rise considerably so that some islandish countries may vanish. In this paper we shall employ a phase-field approach to model the growth of sea ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solutions to a phase-field model of sea ice growth

Tang

2019

Bound Value Probl

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We shall apply the phase-field method to investigate the dynamics of sea ice growth. The model consists of two parabolic equations. The existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to an initial-boundary value problem of this model is proved. Then the regularity, large-time behavior of solutions are studied, also the existence of global attractor is proved. The main technique in this article is energy method. Our existence proof is only valid in one space dimension.

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Arctic sea ice reduction: the evidence, models and impacts

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Arctic summer sea-ice seasonal simulation with a coupled model: Evaluation of mean features and biases

Arctic summer sea-ice seasonal simulation with a coupled model: Evaluation of mean features and biases

Sea surface microlayer in a changing ocean – A perspective

Solutions to a phase-field model of sea ice growth

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