“…As the Arctic states-Canada, Denmark (via Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the US-placed the North on their domestic and foreign policy agendas, and non-Arctic states like China, France, Japan, South Korea, and the UK expressed interest in the north, predictions foresaw the region as the next arena for "geopolitical" conflict (Borgerson, 2008;Dadwal, 2014;Grindheim, 2009;Sale and Potapov, 2010). However, a range of studies have pointed out that many Arctic predictions have proved inaccurate, whether made before or after the deterioration in relations with Russia and the drop in oil prices in 2014.…”