Arctic urbanization: resilience in a condition of permanent instability – the case of Russian Arctic cities

Zamyatina, Nadezhda; Goncharov, Ruslan

doi:10.4337/9781788970105.00014

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…According to various estimates, more than 85% of the population of the Russian Arctic lives in cities. This is the highest rate of urbanization in all of Russia [2]. Large settlements in the Arctic regions were formed as a result of the industrial development of the north.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differentiation of Trace Metal Contamination Level between Different Urban Functional Zones in Permafrost Affected Soils (the Example of Several Cities in the Yamal Region, Russian Arctic)

et al. 2021

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Dynamically developing urbanization causes a number of environmental effects, including those related to the chemical transformation of soils. Relatively less information about the urban areas of the Arctic and Subarctic zones, constructed mostly on permafrost and intensively populated areas can be found. By the example of the analysis of basic soil properties and concentrations of trace metals in the soils of the cities of Salekhard, Urengoy, Nadym, Novy Urengoy and Gaz Sale (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), as well as various functional zones within the cities, the relationship between the age of the cities, the level of anthropogenic pressure and the type of parent materials and the character of accumulation of metals in the soil profile of urban soils have been described. The direct correlation was found between the content of Pb, Cr, Ni, As and soil sorption characteristics. In young cities built on sandy sediments, there is less accumulation of heavy metals in the topsoil horizons. Relatively higher concentrations of Cu and Cd were noted in soils of industrialized cities, regardless of functional zones. The higher content of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb has been registered in older zones also frequently used for residential purposes. The calculated values of the PI index for some functional zones of young cities show the medium and high content of heavy metals. The analysis of Igeo and PLI indices shows a large diversity both in relation to individual cities and their functional zones. Soil quality, in spite of the high level of anthropogenic load, was assessed as mostly satisfactory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differentiation of Trace Metal Contamination Level between Different Urban Functional Zones in Permafrost Affected Soils (the Example of Several Cities in the Yamal Region, Russian Arctic)

et al. 2021

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“…We analyze the cities in the Russian Arctic. Following Zamyatina and Goncharov (2019) Thus, Arctic territory has several specific features (Table 2) that distinguish it from southern densely populated regions, as it has low population density and an abundance of uninhabited spots (compiled by the author according to N. Zamyatina, 2020):…”

Section: The Territory and Its Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose settlements with more than 5,000 inhabitants and relevant data (in particular, population in 1989), resulting in a sample made up of 44 cities. According to the latter criteria, closed cities (ZATOs) were omitted, because they were not described by the official Soviet statistics (following Zamyatina & Goncharov, 2019).…”

Section: Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The resilience of Russian Arctic cities 1989–2017

Polyachenko

2022

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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The topic of economic resilience is important and widely discussed today. However, the resilience of Russian regions and cities is insufficiently studied by indicator methods (without constructing an index). The paper aims to fill this gap, and is based on R. Martin's method: the resistance of each city was calculated and compared with all other cities. The method was tuned: instead of employment (partly unavailable) as a resilience indicator, we took population, which generally correlates with employment. The sample includes 44 cities for two periods (1989–2002 and 2002–2017). The cities were separated into two groups: those with oil and gas specialization and those without, because this specialization mostly explains the resilience difference, that is, oil and gas cities coped with the shock far better. The factors of resilience were different. In the first period, location in Arkhangelsk region increased resilience of cities not specialized in oil and gas, while mining specialization and access to a water body reduced it. In the second period, regional capital status and specialization in state‐based industry and services (military, military industry, nuclear) added resilience. For oil and gas cities, the starting phase of the resource cycle, regional capital status, and surrounding indigenous population added resilience during both periods. As now the economic conditions are based on the end of the second period, the dynamics can be similar, but less favorable. Thus, according to these results, we can predict the middle‐ and long‐term resilience of the cities. Moreover, we can identify measures of increasing resilience: diversification of cities not specialized in oil or gas mining and raising of federal funding. External geographic location does not influence resilience, while internal location can.

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“…The issue of sustainably developing in an Arctic city has demonstrated an acute importance in the conditions of changing climate and economic uncertainties many northern urban places have faced since the beginning of the 21st century [1,26]. A number of case studies both attempted to apply globalized sustainability approaches to understand Arctic sustainable development pathways (e.g., [8][9][10]27,28]) and pursued uncovering Arctic-specific characteristics of urban sustainability [29][30][31]. Environmental [32][33][34], economic [15,35,36], social [37,38], political [39], cultural [40] and other aspects have been brought to light to a considerable extent.…”

Section: Sustainable Development In Urban Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal Programs and Sustainable Development in Russian Northern Cities: Case Studies of Murmansk and Magadan

et al. 2021

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Cities play an important role in promoting sustainable development. In the Arctic, most particularly in Russia, cities concentrate the majority of residents and economic activity. Sustainable development initiatives are often deployed through programs that operate at different spatial and jurisdictional scales. While national and regional policies and programs have received some attention, the understanding of urban development policies and programs at the municipal level in the Arctic is still limited. This paper presents a case study of municipal sustainable development programming in Arctic cities and examines municipal programs in two larger Russian northern cities: Murmansk and Magadan. While both are regional capitals and the most populous urban settlements in their regions, the cities have district historical, economic and geographical contexts. Through the content analysis of municipal programs active in 2018, we aim to understand, systematize and compare the visions and programmatic actions of the two municipalities on sustainable development. Ten sustainable development programming categories were identified for using a UN SDG-inspired approach modeled after the City of Whitehorse, Canada. While the programs in Magadan and Murmansk are quite different, we observed striking commonalities that characterize the national, regional and local models of urban sustainable development policy making in the Russian Arctic.

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Arctic urbanization: resilience in a condition of permanent instability – the case of Russian Arctic cities

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Differentiation of Trace Metal Contamination Level between Different Urban Functional Zones in Permafrost Affected Soils (the Example of Several Cities in the Yamal Region, Russian Arctic)

Differentiation of Trace Metal Contamination Level between Different Urban Functional Zones in Permafrost Affected Soils (the Example of Several Cities in the Yamal Region, Russian Arctic)

The resilience of Russian Arctic cities 1989–2017

Municipal Programs and Sustainable Development in Russian Northern Cities: Case Studies of Murmansk and Magadan

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