Ardisia ebo sp. nov. (Myrsinaceae), a creeping forest subshrub of Cameroon and Gabon

Cheek, Martin; Xanthos, Martin

doi:10.1007/s12225-012-9362-8

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There are about 200–350 recognized species of Ardisia , and they are spread throughout the warmer regions of Africa, Madagascar, the Americas, Asia and Australasia. Continental African Ardisia are restricted to the western side of the continent (Congo Basin and lower Guinea) (Cheek & Xanthos, ), which could make an African origin of Indian Ocean Ardisia seem less plausible. If the common ancestor of all Indian Ocean Primulaceae dispersed into the Indian Ocean from the Asian mainland (at some time within the early to middle Miocene), it may have occurred through Madagascar or one of the Mascarene islands (Mauritius or Rodrigues) in either one single long‐distance dispersal event or several followed by local extinction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and tempo of evolutionary diversification in a biodiversity hotspot: Primulaceae on Indian Ocean islands

Strijk

Bone

Thébaud

et al. 2013

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim We examined phylogenetic relationships and spatio-temporal diversification in Indian Ocean Primulaceae, assessing correlations between speciation rates, geographical expansion and ecomorphological specialization.Location Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands. MethodsWe conducted phylogenetic analyses with plastid and nuclear DNA sequences of Primulaceae using maximum likelihood and Bayesian algorithms, and estimated divergence times using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock. Temporal changes in diversification rate and possible correlations with the biogeographical history of the group were examined. We performed parametric ancestral area reconstruction incorporating a stratified palaeogeographical model that reflects changes in terrestrial configuration and the presence of phytogeographical connections through time in the western Indian Ocean Basin. Shifts in diversification rate were compared with ancestral area assignments and divergence age estimates.Results Indian Ocean Primulaceae were recovered as monophyletic with a sister relationship to Asian Ardisia. Oncostemum, a genus confined to Madagascar and the Comoros, was resolved as paraphyletic by the inclusion of a monophyletic Mascarene Badula group consisting of single-island endemics. We found evidence for diversification bursts early in the history of Indian Ocean Primulaceae that correspond closely to the sequence of dispersal and the appearance of newly formed Mascarene Islands. Age estimates suggest a dispersal to Rodrigues that is older than the estimated geological age of the island.Main conclusions Results suggest a Madagascan origin of Indian Ocean Primulaceae with subsequent dispersal to the Mascarenes in the middle to late Miocene, with initial establishment on either Mauritius or Rodrigues and subsequent stepping-stone dispersal to the other two Mascarene islands within the last 2 Myr. Analyses suggest that diversification has slowed over time, with significant rate changes following dispersal to new geographical areas. Onset of diversification in species-rich Oncostemum appears to have been recent, with major cladogenesis commencing in the early Pliocene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and tempo of evolutionary diversification in a biodiversity hotspot: Primulaceae on Indian Ocean islands

Strijk

Bone

Thébaud

et al. 2013

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Since numerous new species have been published from Ebo in recent years. Examples of other species that, like Pseudohydrosme ebo appear to be strictly endemic to Ebo on current evidence are: Ardisia ebo Cheek ( Cheek & Xanthos, 2012 ), Crateranthus cameroonensis Cheek and Prance ( Prance & Jongkind, 2015 ), Gilbertiodendron ebo Burgt and Mackinder ( Van der Burgt et al, 2015 ), Inversodicraea ebo Cheek ( Cheek et al, 2017 ), Kupeantha ebo M. Alvarez and Cheek ( Cheek et al, 2018a ), Palisota ebo Cheek ( Cheek et al, 2018b ).…”

Section: Taxonomic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 91%

Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon

Cheek

Tchiengué

Burgt

2021

PeerJ

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This is the first revision in more than 100 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Closely related to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2-3-locular ovary (vs. unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (vs. exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (asexually reproductive) roots (vs. sessile, roots non-viviparous), lack of laticifers (vs. laticifers present) and differences in spadix: spathe proportions and presentation. However, it is possible that a well sampled molecular phylogenetic analysis might show that one of these genera is nested inside the other. In this case the synonymisation of Pseudohydrosme will be required. Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognising Pseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section, Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese but probably extending to Congo, is maintained in Sect. Pseudohydrosme together with Pseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Littoral Region, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area. The discovery of Pseudohydrosme ebo resulted from a series of surveys for conservation management in Cameroon, and triggered this article. All three species are morphologically characterised, their habitat and biogeography discussed, and their extinction risks are respectively assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), Endangered and Critically Endangered using the IUCN standard. Clearance of forest habitat for logging, followed by agriculture or urbanisation are major threats. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis may occur in a formally protected area and is also cultivated widely but infrequently in Europe, Australia and the USA for its spectacular inflorescences.

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“…Since numerous new species have been published from Ebo in recent years. Examples of other species that, like Pseudohydrosme ebo appear to be strictly endemic to Ebo on current evidence are: Ardisia ebo Cheek (Cheek & Xanthos, 2012), Crateranthus cameroonensis Cheek & Prance (Prance & Jongkind, 2015), Gilbertiodendron ebo Burgt & Mackinder (Burgt et al, 2015), Inversodicraea ebo Cheek (Cheek et al, 2017), Kupeantha ebo M.Alvarez & Cheek (Cheek et al, 2018b), Palisota ebo Cheek (Cheek et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genusPseudohydrosmeEngl. (Araceae), withP. ebo, a new, Critically Endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon

Cheek

Tchiengué²,

Burgt

2020

Preprint

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This is the first revision in nearly 130 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Sister to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2–3-locular ovary (not unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (not exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (vegetatively apomictic) roots (not sessile, roots non-viviparous). Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognising Pseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section, Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese, is maintained in Sect. Pseudohydrosme together with Pseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Littoral, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area. The discovery of Pseudohydrosme ebo resulted from a series of surveys for conservation management in Cameroon, and triggered this paper. All three species of Pseudohydrosme are morphologically characterised, their habitat and biogeography discussed, and their extinction risks are respectively assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), Endangered and Critically Endangered using the IUCN standard. Clearance of forest habitat for logging, followed by agriculture or urbanisation are major threats. One of the species may occur in a formally protected areas and is also cultivated widely but infrequently in Europe and the USA for its spectacular inflorescences.

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Ardisia ebo sp. nov. (Myrsinaceae), a creeping forest subshrub of Cameroon and Gabon

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Timing and tempo of evolutionary diversification in a biodiversity hotspot: Primulaceae on Indian Ocean islands

Timing and tempo of evolutionary diversification in a biodiversity hotspot: Primulaceae on Indian Ocean islands

Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon

Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genusPseudohydrosmeEngl. (Araceae), withP. ebo, a new, Critically Endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon

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