“…Previous research has examined the effectiveness of chatbots in customer service across a variety of industries, including retail (Jones and Comfort, 2022;Rese et al, 2020;Tran et al, 2021;Kwangsawad and Jattamart, 2022;Jiang et al, 2022;Tan and Liew, 2022;Fan et al, 2023), healthcare (Mierzwa et al, 2019;Bates, 2019;Vaidyam et al, 2019;Abd-Alrazaq et al, 2020;Almalki and Azeez, 2020;Calvaresi et al, 2021;Rathnayaka et al, 2022;Puspitasari et al, 2022), tourism (Pillai and Sivathanu, 2020;Ivanov, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020;Rafiq et al, 2022;Pereira et al, 2022;Jones and Comfort, 2022) and finance (Adhim and Mulyono, 2023;Hwang and Kim, 2021;OECD, 2021;Alt et al, 2021;Nguyen et al, 2021;Jang et al, 2021;Lappeman et al, 2022). Ho and Chow (2023) measures the effectiveness of AI-Enabled chatbots in Customer Service using AnyLogic Simulation, through scenario analysis provides managerial implications for the average time in the system, response rate, satisfaction level, and cost savings, helping the companies to understand the impact of adopting AI-enabled chatbots in their customer service.…”