Are All of the Good Men Fathers? The Effect of Having Children on Earnings.

Kunze, Astrid

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2432932

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Lappegård and Rønsen (2011) study the importance of multi-partner fertility, finding a U-shaped relationship between multi-partner fertility and income for men. Kunze (2014) studies how births affect the earning dynamics of fathers. Boschini et al (2011) use Swedish register data to analyze the connection between career and fertility for men and women separately.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this possibility has not been used much in the literature to date. Two notable exceptions are Lappegård and Rønsen (2011) and Kunze (2014), who both use Norwegian register data. Lappegård and Rønsen (2011) study the importance of multi-partner fertility, finding a u-shaped relationship between multi-partner fertility and income for men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Gaps in Completed Fertility

et al. 2016

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThe most commonly used measure of reproductive behavior is the total fertility rate (TFR), which is a measure of the number of children born per woman. However, almost no work exists measuring the fertility behavior of men. In this paper we use survey data from several recent waves of the Demographic and Health Surveys in six developing countries in which men and women were each asked about their reproductive histories. We document a number of interesting differences in fertility outcomes of men and women. First, while one might have thought that average rates for men and women must coincide, we find that this is not the case. Comparing completed fertility by birth cohorts, we find that on average men have more children than women in four out of the six countries we consider. The gaps are large -reaching up to 4.6 children in Burkina Faso for the 1944-48 birth cohort. We show that positive gaps are possible when populations are growing and men father children with younger women. Such a situation often coincides with polygyny, i.e. men having children with more than one woman. Indeed we find that the size of the fertility gap is positively related to the degree of polygyny in the country. Second, we find a higher variance in fertility rates for men than for women. In other words, women are more similar to each other in reproductive behavior than men are to one another. Third, we find that differences in the desire to have children can largely be explained by differences in realized fertility.This implies that differences in fertility preferences often emphasized in the literature do not necessarily need to cause conflict, as men and women can realize their fertility individually.Finally, we find that for men, the demographic transition started earlier and was steeper than for women. These novel facts are useful when building theories of fertility choice. * We would like to thank Pascal Schmidt and Inken Toewe for excellent research assistance. We also thank seminar participants at the University of Mannheim for valuable comments.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Gaps in Completed Fertility

et al. 2016

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“…This “family gap” in pay between mothers and non‐mothers has been documented extensively in the literature (e.g., Miller 2011). For men, the evidence points to a fatherhood premium or no effect (Kunze ). Our sample is 93% female.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Job Relocation on Spousal Careers: Evidence From Military Change of Station Moves

Burke

Miller

2017

Economic Inquiry

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We investigate the impact of military job relocation on spousal earnings and employment by creating a unique longitudinal database that tracks over 900,000 military spouses over the period 2001–2012, based on data from two administrative sources—military records on personnel and their dependents, and Social Security earnings records. This database allows us to estimate the effects of military change of station moves controlling for some key observable characteristics of the service‐member and household and controlling for individual spouse fixed effects. We find that military moves cause a substantial decline in spousal earnings in the year of the move, on the order of $2,100, or 14% of average spousal earnings. Moves also increase the likelihood that the spouse has no earnings for the year. We find larger earnings reductions for moves that cross state lines, and for older spouses, male spouses, and those with young children. The career costs persist over time and spouses continue to experience significantly lower earnings 2 years after the move. This persistence, combined with the typical military member experiencing a change of station move every 2 or 3 years, may substantially limit the ability of military spouses to accumulate human capital over time. (JEL H56, R23, J45, J16, J64)

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Downward spiral: The impact of out-of-home placement on paternal welfare dependency

Fallesen

2016

Children and Youth Services Review

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Are All of the Good Men Fathers? The Effect of Having Children on Earnings.

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Gender Gaps in Completed Fertility

Gender Gaps in Completed Fertility

The Effects of Job Relocation on Spousal Careers: Evidence From Military Change of Station Moves

Downward spiral: The impact of out-of-home placement on paternal welfare dependency

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