“…One obvious explanation for the low synchronization of business cycles found for many countries relative to the Euro Area is the concentration of production and exports in a limited number of commodities, as mentioned above. Such a feature leads to idiosyncratic shocks related with swings in world prices, and the corresponding changes in terms of trade, as well as shocks related with the impact of climate conditions on crops (see, e.g., Hoffmaister, Roldós andWickham, 1998, Kose andRiezman, 2001, and Van den Boogaerde and Tsangarides, 2005). 23 The sensitivity of the African countries to supply shocks is apparent in the fact that the variability of their output gaps is, overall, quite larger than the variability of the EMU12 countries' output gaps.…”