Are carbon dots worth the tremendous attention it is getting: Challenges and opportunities

Deep learning assisted detection of toxic heavy metal ions based on visual fluorescence responses from a carbon nanoparticle array

“…We believe that fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with cheap resources, excellent chemical stability, resistance to photobleaching, and good biocompatibility could be an excellent alternative. 9 We also hypothesize that the integration of a machine learning (ML) or DL algorithm with an inexpensive sensing platform is indispensable for a user-friendly yet automated detection strategy for these hazardous toxic metal ions in environmental samples.…”

Carbon Nanodots with Solvatochromic Photoluminescence for the Electrochemical Determination of Estrogenic Steroids

“…The graphene core of the nanoparticles can be doped with heteroatoms such as B, P, N, etc. These features make CDs attractive in biomedical, environmental remediation, and energy applications, to name but a few . Procedures developed for the preparation of CDs can be divided into “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches.…”

“…Over the years, CDs have been given nearly a dozen names depending on their crystallinity, structural assemblies, size, chemical composition, preparation procedure, and topology. These names include carbon quantum dots, carbon nanodots, C-dots, graphene carbon nanoparticles, polymer nanodots, carbon polymer dots, carbonized polymer dots, carbogenic dots, carbon-based quantum dots, etc . Small spherical CDs (1–5 nm) obtained by bottom-up approaches from small organic precursors are commonly called carbon nanodots (CNDs).…”

“…These features make CDs attractive in biomedical, environmental remediation, and energy applications, to name but a few. 5 Procedures developed for the preparation of CDs can be divided into "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches. The top-down approach involves breaking large carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphite oxide, etc., using arc discharge, laser ablation, or electrochemical oxidation.…”

Rational design of large flat nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots with green-luminescence suitable for biomedical applications

“…It is obvious that such rapid development in CDs preparation methodology is accompanied by many errors and misconceptions and results even in nomenclature perplexity. 25 Unclear mechanism of nanoparticle formation from molecular precursors stimulates speculative research on the synthesis of poorly characterized carbon nanodots (CNDs) from almost any organic compound. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Commonly CNDs have small (1-5 nm) particle size and spherical topology, and no obvious graphene nature of the core.…”