Are Caste Categories Misleading? The Relationship between Gender and Jati in Three Indian States

Joshi, Shareen; Kochhar, Nishtha; Rao, Vijayendra

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8109

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is important to acknowledge that many constraints to youth unemployment are exogenous to the individual, such as slow-growth job economies, employer discrimination, entrenched social norms, and training subsidies (Cunningham, Sanchez-Puerta, and Wuermli 2010;Joshi 2017;Eswaran 2013). In the Indian context, jobs available on the market are not well suited to or socially acceptable for rural girls who have studied beyond the primary level (Chatterjee, Desai, and Vanneman et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a vast literature exists to show that contextual factors matter for employment outcomes, including in Bihar where our study is focused. Structural factors—particularly caste inequality, economic status, and their intersections—influence women's autonomy and labor force participation (Eswaran, Ramaswami, and Wadhwa 2013; Joshi, Kochhar, and Rao 2017), alongside the broader economic environment that governs job market growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence Impacts Schooling and Labor Market Outcomes for Young Women in India

Ludwick¹,

Ishida²,

Desai³

et al. 2022

Population & Development Rev

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major health and social issue that affects around 30 percent of women globally. This study investigates the relationships through which witnessing IPV in adolescence may impact the labor force participation and employment prospects of women in early adulthood, using a unique dataset from Bihar (India), which surveyed youth (primarily girls) in adolescence and again nine years later. The study examined the relationship between exposure to IPV and labor market outcomes among young women, including intermediate factors likely to influence their employment prospects, such as educational attainment, self‐efficacy, mental health, and soft skills. Witnessing IPV as an adolescent had a negative effect on educational attainment, mental health, and social and behavioral aspects of young women almost nine years later. IPV was not associated with the likelihood of paid employment or participation in skilled work among women, although it was associated with higher levels of labor force participation. These findings suggest that witnessing IPV should be considered one of multiple forms of violence that may expose young women to longer term vulnerability related to poorer educational and employment prospects, mental health, and social networks, with implications for economic and social development far beyond the family.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence Impacts Schooling and Labor Market Outcomes for Young Women in India

Ludwick¹,

Ishida²,

Desai³

et al. 2022

Population & Development Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We also include controls for population density and the fraction of a district that belongs to officially recognized disadvantaged communities, notably Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) groups as well as Muslims. 8 These variables are known to be correlated with human capital outcomes in India (Anderson et al, 2018;Government of India, 2017;Joshi, Kochhar, & Rao, 2017). We combine the SC and ST groups together and refer to them as SC/ST for the remainder of this paper.…”

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation in Contraceptive Practice Across the Districts of India, 1998–2016

Joshi

Uttamacharya

Borkotoky³

et al. 2021

Spat Demogr

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India is currently one of the most demographically diverse regions of the world. Fertility and mortality rates are known to show considerable variation at the level of regions, states and districts. Little is known however, about the spatial variations of the contraceptive usage—a critical variable that is relevant to fertility as well as health policy. This paper uses data from four national population-based household surveys conducted between 1998 and 2016 to explore district-level variations in the contraceptive prevalence rate. We find no clear evidence of convergence. The gap between the best and worst performing districts is more than 70 percent across the four rounds and does not diminish over time. We also find considerable evidence of spatial clustering across districts. Districts with high prevalence concentrate in Southern states and more recently, in the Northeast of the country. Our analysis suggests that female literacy and health care infrastructure are important correlates of spatial clusters. This suggests that investments in women’s human capital and health-care infrastructure play a role in expanding women’s opportunities to time their births.

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“…The placement of jatis in broad government "caste" categories has always been complicated. A single category can include jatis that display considerable inter-and intra-level inequality (Joshi, Kochhar, & Rao, 2017).…”

Section: Castementioning

confidence: 99%

Who Is in Justice? Caste, Religion and Gender in the Courts of Bihar over a Decade

Bhupatiraju¹,

Chen²,

Joshi³

et al. 2021

Policy Research Working Papers

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Are Caste Categories Misleading? The Relationship between Gender and Jati in Three Indian States

Abstract: This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on 'Gender and development'.

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence Impacts Schooling and Labor Market Outcomes for Young Women in India

Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence Impacts Schooling and Labor Market Outcomes for Young Women in India

Spatial Variation in Contraceptive Practice Across the Districts of India, 1998–2016

Who Is in Justice? Caste, Religion and Gender in the Courts of Bihar over a Decade

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