Are Central Cities Poor and Non-White?

Schuetz, Jenny; González, Arturo; Larrimore, Jeff; Merry, Ellen A.; Robles, Barbara J.

doi:10.17016/2380-7172.1982

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In some cases the criteria are straight-forward rules of thumb. For example, some papers locate CBD centroids at the city hall of the principal central city of each metro (Asabere and Huffman, 1991;Atack and Margo, 1998;Schuetz et al, 2017). However in many large cities, city hall is located in a cluster of government buildings apart from private-sector employment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Centralized is U.S. Metropolitan Employment?

Brown¹,

Maloney²,

Rappaport³

et al. 2017

RWP

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Centralized employment remains a benchmark stylization of metropolitan land use. To address its empirical relevance, we delineate "central employment zones" (CEZs)central business districts together with nearby concentrated employment-for 183 metropolitan areas in 2000. To do so, we first subjectively classify which census tracts in a training sample of metros belong to their metro's CEZ and then use a learning algorithm to construct a function that predicts our judgment. Applying this prediction function to the full cross section of metros estimates the probability we would judge each census tract as belonging to its metro's CEZ. Using a high probability threshold for tract inclusion conservatively delineates a predicted CEZ for each metro. On average, the conservatively predicted CEZs account for only 12 percent of metropolitan employment in 2000. But the distribution of shares is positively skewed, with the conservatively predicted CEZs accounting for at least 20 percent of employment in 29 metros. Employment centralization is considerably higher for agglomerative occupations-those that arguably benefit most from face-to-face contact. The conservatively predicted CEZs account for at least 33 percent of agglomerative employment in 24 metros and at least 50 percent of legal employment in 79 metros.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Centralized is U.S. Metropolitan Employment?

Brown¹,

Maloney²,

Rappaport³

et al. 2017

RWP

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show abstract

“…Racial and ethnic segregation has been a notable feature of U.S. metropolitan regions (Kollmann et al., 2018). The central city or inner city has often been characterized by low‐income and minority (Black in particular) neighborhoods, while suburban residents are more likely to be affluent and White (Schuetz et al., 2017). This segregation has resulted in various social issues, including health disparity (Williams et al., 2018).…”

Section: Climate Change and Spatial Dynamic Of Vulnerable Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and cooling equity: Spatial dynamics of vulnerable populations

Kim,

Kim

2023

Growth and Change

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Climate change disproportionately affects low‐income and minority populations. This study identified vulnerable populations to extreme heat, focusing on home air conditioning. State and municipal laws and regulations usually consider home air conditioning an amenity rather than a requirement for habitability such as heat, water, and electricity. Using the historical census data and the American Housing Survey data, this study identified the vulnerable populations to extreme heat and their spatial dynamic in Los Angeles County, CA. This study found that low‐income minority populations are more likely to live without home air conditioning, and they are more likely to be exposed to extreme heat in the coming years if their residential location patterns continue. Changing spatial patterns of low‐income and minority populations need to be incorporated into urban and regional planning for climate change. State regulations and municipal codes should require air conditioning as a habitability requirement for cooling equity. Also, cooling stations that provide immediate relief for those without home air conditioning need strategic placements based on the locational concentration of the vulnerable populations.

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“…4 This is of note, as inner city areas have a higher proportion of residents who are people of color (POC) compared to white populations. 5 Holman et al reported that 89.4% of physicians counsel patients with light skin tones about photoprotection, compared to 56.4% and 36.9% of physicians counseling patients with medium and dark skin tones, respectively. 6 The survey analysis was confined to physician respondents, who reported that the majority of their patients had fair skin, which suggests a need for more inclusivity in the assessment of this data.…”

Section: Dermatology Reports 2023; Volume 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 This is of note, as inner city areas have a higher proportion of residents who are people of color (POC) compared to white populations. 5 Holman et al . reported that 89.4% of physicians counsel patients with light skin tones about photoprotection, compared to 56.4% and 36.9% of physicians counseling patients with medium and dark skin tones, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin cancer primary prevention by counseling patients with different skin tones

2023

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Early sun exposure in pediatric and adolescent years predisposes individuals to skin cancer, and provider counseling about photoprotective behaviors can reduce this risk in both children and adults. In the United States, people with dark skin tones have higher mortality rates from skin cancer, yet there is a lower incidence of skin malignancies in these populations. Research suggests this is due to inadequate understanding and medical training regarding dermatologic disease in skin of color.

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Are Central Cities Poor and Non-White?

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

How Centralized is U.S. Metropolitan Employment?

How Centralized is U.S. Metropolitan Employment?

Climate change and cooling equity: Spatial dynamics of vulnerable populations

Skin cancer primary prevention by counseling patients with different skin tones

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