Are child and adolescent mental health problems increasing in the 21st century? A systematic review

Bor, William; Dean, Angela J.; Najman, Jake M.; Hayatbakhsh, Reza

doi:10.1177/0004867414533834

Cited by 660 publications

(603 citation statements)

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“…[18][19][20] These individual vulnerabilities can make peer relations stressful, particularly among female adolescents who are more susceptible to interpersonal stress compared to males. [21][22][23][24] The empirical evidence is consistent with the theoretical arguments for expecting CV to exert a negative influence on adolescent mental health. A recent meta-analysis investigating the association between CV and adolescent psychological problems suggests a small-to-moderate association between CV and levels of depression (r = 0.24; k = 30 studies), anxiety (r = 0.24; k = 14 studies), and drug and alcohol use (r = 0.15; k = 6 studies).…”

Section: Impact Of Cyberbullying Victimization On Mental Health and Ssupporting

confidence: 72%

Cyberbullying victimization and its association with health across the life course: A Canadian population study

Kim

Boyle

Georgiades

2017

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES:To examine the prevalence of cyberbullying victimization (CV), its associations with self-reported health and substance use and the extent to which age moderates these associations. METHODS:We used the 2014 Canadian General Social Survey on Victimization (N = 31 907, mean age = 45.83, SD = 18.67) and binary logistic regression models to estimate the strength of association between CV and health-related outcomes. RESULTS:The five-year prevalence of CV was 5.1%. Adolescents reported the highest prevalence of CV (12.2%), compared to all other adult age groups (1.7%-10.4%). After controlling for socio-demographic covariates, individuals exposed to CV had increased odds of reporting poor mental health (OR = 4.259, 95% CI = 2.853-6.356), everyday limitations due to mental health problems (OR = 3.263, 95% CI = 2.271-4.688), binge drinking (OR = 2.897, 95% CI = 1.765-4.754), and drug use (OR = 3.348, 95% CI = 2.333-4.804), compared to those not exposed to CV. The associations between CV and self-reported mental health and substance use were strongest for adolescents and attenuated across the adult age groups.CONCLUSION: Adolescence may represent a developmental period of heightened susceptibility to CV. Developing and evaluating targeted preventive interventions for this age group is warranted.KEY WORDS: Bullying; mental health; adolescent La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Section: Impact Of Cyberbullying Victimization On Mental Health and Ssupporting

confidence: 72%

Cyberbullying victimization and its association with health across the life course: A Canadian population study

Kim

Boyle

Georgiades

2017

Can J Public Health

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“…The repeatedly described increase in the prevalence of particular mental health problems among youth over the last decades (Bor et al, 2014;Collishaw et al, 2004;Collishaw et al, 2010) might be at least partly attributable to an increased willingness of young people to talk about mental health problems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown an increasing prevalence of some mental health problems in both youth (Bor et al, 2014;Collishaw et al, 2004;Collishaw et al, 2010) and adult (Jorm and Butterworth, 2006;Mojtabai, 2011;Reavley et al, 2011) populations in recent decades. This change might reflect an actual worsening of the population's mental health (Collishaw et al, 2004;Collishaw et al, 2010) or may be due to an increased willingness to disclose diagnosed disorders or symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young people's difficulty in talking to others about mental health problems: An analysis of time trends in Switzerland

Dey

Reavley

Jorm

2016

Psychiatry Research

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The article aimed to analyse time trends regarding young people's willingness to talk about mental health problems. Data on 16774 participants (16-to 20-year olds) of the 'Swiss Multicentre Adolescent Survey on Health' (SMASH) were analysed. The survey was conducted in 1992/93 and in 2002.Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors associated with the self-reported willingness of youth to talk about mental health problems with adults (other than parents), friends or no one. Socio-demographic characteristics were used as covariates. These analyses were first carried out for the total sample and, in a second step, stratified by suicidality of the participants. The percentage of participants who would talk about mental health problems with adults or friends increased between 1992/1993 and 2002, while the percentage of those who would not talk about such problems decreased. This pattern was confirmed in the stratified analyses (i.e., for suicidal and nonsuicidal individuals). Hence, Swiss youth seem to have less difficulty in talking with others about mental health problems than previous cohorts. This trend towards increased disclosure may have implications for claims that the prevalence of mental health problems has increased in recent decades.Key words: mental health problem; disclosing; informal help; time trends; adolescence; SMASH 3 Introduction 1Studies have shown an increasing prevalence of some mental health problems in both youth (Bor et al., 2014;Collishaw et al., 2004;Collishaw et al., 2010) and adult (Jorm and Butterworth, 2006;Mojtabai, 2011;Reavley et al., 2011) populations in recent decades. This change might reflect an actual worsening of the population's mental health (Collishaw et al., 2004;Collishaw et al., 2010) or may be due to an increased willingness to disclose diagnosed disorders or symptoms. In a recentAustralian study, it was concluded that the number of those (aged 15+) revealing mental health problems increased between 1995 and 2011 due to an increased willingness of people to disclose such problems . In-line with this, a study from the United States showed that 18-to 54-year olds who have participated in a more recent survey (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) were more comfortable talking with a professional about personal problems and would have been less embarrassed if others found out about it relative to those who have participated in 1990 -1992(Mojtabai, 2007.If a person suffers from a mental health problem, they are likely to consider the pros and cons of talking about it. The fear of being stigmatized might hinder the person from disclosing their problems and seeking professional help (Gulliver et al., 2010;Rickwood et al., 2005;Schomerus and Angermeyer, 2008;Yap et al., 2013). Furthermore, if a person expects that talking about mental health problems would not lead to an improvement of their situation or if they prefer to handle the problem without help from others, they might decide not to disclose (Gulliver et al., 2010;Mojtabai et al., 2011;Rickwood et al...

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“…Leaving home at an early age entails different kinds of transitions, and moving away from home at this age, while simultaneously attending a new school, seems to affect adolescents’ well-being, creating the risk of dropping out of school and/or potential mental health problems (Markussen, 2005, 2011). An increase in mental health problems in adolescents, especially among girls, during the last 20 years has been identified (Bor, Dean, Najman, & Hayatbakhsh, 2014; Collishaw, 2015; Von Soest & Wichstrøm, 2014). Likewise, a Norwegian study found that students living in lodgings during senior high school were particularly vulnerable to stress and internalizing problems compared to students living with their parents (Wannebo & Wichstrøm, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions and strategies high school students living in lodgings experience as important and helpful for their well-being

Wannebo

Devik

Uhrenfeldt

2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Many 15- to 16-year-old adolescents in Scandinavian countries have to move away from home to live in lodgings during senior high school. This transition might affect the adolescents’ well-being and mental health, with the risk of dropping out of school and/or potential mental health problems. This study aims to explore what adolescents experience to be of importance and helpful for their well-being through their lives in lodgings during senior high school. Qualitative, in-depth interviews were performed among 21 adolescents from the ages of 16 to 18 of both genders living in lodgings in a Norwegian county. Eleven interviews were performed in 2008 and 10 interviews performed in 2016. Interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Two main categories and six subcategories were identified as important for well-being: (1) Conditions for well-being, me and my surroundings: (a) practical support; (b) relational support; (c) convenient housing; and (d) supportive class environment. (2) Strategies for well-being, me and myself: (a) practical strategies, and (b) strategies facing challenges. Adolescents living in lodgings experience several conditions in their surroundings to be of importance for their well-being, based on which they develop their own strategies to feel well. Implications towards promoting and strengthen their well-being are discussed.

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Are child and adolescent mental health problems increasing in the 21st century? A systematic review

Abstract: These findings suggest that recent cohorts of adolescent girls are experiencing increases in internalizing symptoms compared to previous cohorts. Approaches for prevention and early intervention should be explored.

Cited by 660 publications

References 54 publications

Cyberbullying victimization and its association with health across the life course: A Canadian population study

Cyberbullying victimization and its association with health across the life course: A Canadian population study

Young people's difficulty in talking to others about mental health problems: An analysis of time trends in Switzerland

Conditions and strategies high school students living in lodgings experience as important and helpful for their well-being

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