Are Danes’ Immigration Policy Preferences Based on Accurate Stereotypes?

Abstract

Stereotypes about 32 country-of-origin groups were measured using an online survey of the adult, non-elderly Danish population (n = 476 after quality control). Participants were asked to estimate each group’s net fiscal contribution in Denmark. These estimates were then compared to the actual net fiscal contributions for the 32 groups, taken from a report by the Danish Ministry of Finance. Stereotypes were found to be highly accurate, both at the aggregate level (r = 0.81) and at the individual level (median r = 0.62). Interestingly, participants over- rather than underestimated the net fiscal contributions of groups from countries with a higher percentage of Muslims. Indeed, this was true at both the aggregate and individual levels (r = −0.25 and median r = −0.49, respectively). Participants were also asked to say how many immigrants from each group should be admitted to Denmark. There was a very strong correlation between participants’ aggregate immigration policy preferences and their estimates of the 32 groups’ fiscal contributions (r = 0.98), suggesting that their preferences partly reflect accurate stereotypes. Most of the analyses were pre-registered.

Ethnic Stereotype Content Beyond Intergroup Relations Within Societies: Exploring the North-South Hypothesis for Competence and Warmth

“…Indeed, ethnic stereotypes can have some degree of accuracy, and immigration policy preferences among the host population may be based in part on these accurate stereotypes. For example, Kirkegaard et al (2020) compared how residents in Denmark perceived fiscal contributions of 32 ethnic groups with actual net fiscal contributions and found the stereotypes to be accurate. This phenomenon of cultural stereotype accuracy can be associated with the concept of “crowd wisdom” 6 and Eagly & Koenig’s (2021) statement that stereotypes stem from observations.…”