Are Dental Maturation, Skeletal Maturation, and Chronological Age Associated With Complete Cleft Lip and Palate?

Abstract

Objective: The relationship between dental and skeletal development levels was determined in individuals with cleft lip and palate and a control group comprising individuals without cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: A university clinic specializing in orthodontic and pedodontic care. Patients: A total of 198 patients with cleft lip and palate (99 females, 11.66 ± 2.36 years; 99 males, 12.44 ± 2.33 years) and 198 patients without cleft lip and palate (99 females, 11.88 ± 2.26 years; 99 males, 12.99 ± 2.25 years). Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: The Demirjian method and cervical vertebra maturation method were used to evaluate panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs, respectively. The Fishman maturation predictors were determined from hand-wrist radiographs. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between the chronological age and the dental age in both the groups ( P < .05). Significant correlations between skeletal maturation indicators and dental maturation indicators were observed in both groups and sexes ( P < .05), with a stronger correlation among teeth with incomplete dental maturation. Dental age was found to be significantly lower (female, P = .001; male, P = .001) in individuals with cleft lip and palate (female, 11.71 ± 2.58 years; male, 12.51 ± 2.62 years) compared to those in the control group (female, 12.95 ± 2.47 years; male, 13.64 ± 2.37 years). Conclusions: A high correlation between the results of the evaluated radiographic methods and chronological age supports their use for accurate age estimation in the patients with cleft lip and palate.

Dental Subphenotypes in Infants With Orofacial Clefts—A Longitudinal Population-Based Retrospective Radiographic Study of the Primary and Secondary Dentitions

“…Females, in general, were found to be advanced in dental development compared to males (Stack, 1960). Sexual dimorphism in dental maturity, however, was not significant in a cross-sectional cohort of children with UCLP aged 11.66 to 12.44 years in the study by Ozturk et al (2020). They found dental maturation, skeletal maturation, and chronological ages to be highly correlated, and dental maturity in children with CLP was significantly slower than the control group without CLP by 1.06 to 1.16 years.…”

Skeletal Maturation in Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Systematic Review

“…The sex composition varied among the included articles. Three articles consisted of more males than females (Menius et al, 1966; Akarsu-Guven et al, 2015; Cesur et al, 2018); 3 articles consisted of more females than males (Pisek et al, 2013; Ravi and Ravikala, 2013; Jahanbin et al, 2020), and 1 article included the same number of males and females (Ozturk et al, 2020). Three articles only included males (Jensen et al, 1983; Sun and Li, 2012; Batwa et al, 2018), while 1 article only included females (Sun and Li, 2013).…”

“…A mix of different cleft types was studied in 3 articles, including patients with UCLP, BCLP, cleft lip, and CP (Sun and Li, 2012; Sun and Li, 2013; Jahanbin et al, 2020). Six articles did not describe the specific type of CL/P included in their studies (Menius et al, 1966; Jensen et al, 1983; Pisek et al, 2013; Flieger et al, 2015; Komala et al, 2019; Ozturk et al, 2020).…”

“…To evaluate skeletal maturity, 2 articles used both CVM and HWM (Batwa et al, 2018; Ozturk et al, 2020), 9 articles used CVM only (Sun and Li, 2012; Ravi and Ravikala, 2013; Sun and Li, 2013; Pisek et al, 2013; Akarsu-Guven et al, 2015; Flieger et al, 2015; Cesur et al, 2018; Komala et al, 2019; Jahanbin et al, 2020), and 2 articles used HWM only (Menius et al, 1966; Jensen et al, 1983). Cervical vertebral maturation was evaluated by lateral cephalograms, while HWM was evaluated using handwrist radiographs.…”

“…Cervical vertebral maturation was evaluated by lateral cephalograms, while HWM was evaluated using handwrist radiographs. The HWM evaluation was conducted via Fishman Maturational Predictors in one article (Ozturk et al, 2020), the Bjork and Helm’s criteria in one article (Cesur et al, 2018), the TW2 method in one article (Jensen et al, 1983), and the Greulich-Pyle handwrist atlas in one article (Menius et al, 1966). Four studies (Batwa et al, 2018; Cesur et al, 2018; Jahanbin et al, 2020; Ozturk et al, 2020) used the method proposed by Baccetti et al (2002) to perform the CVM evaluation, 3 studies (Sun and Li, 2012; Sun and Li, 2013; Flieger et al, 2015) used the method proposed by Baccetti et al (2005), one study (Akarsu-Guven et al, 2015) used Franchi’s method (Franchi et al, 2000), and 3 studies (Pisek et al, 2013; Ravi and Ravikala, 2013; Komala et al, 2019) used the Hassel and Farman method (Hassel and Farman, 1995).…”