Are Deterrent Pictures Effective? The Impact of Warning Labels on Cognitive Dissonance in Smokers

Glock, Sabine; Kneer, Julia

doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01019.x

Cited by 39 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This may in part be due to the common difficulty of transforming intentions into actual behavior (Webb & Sheeran, 2006). Moreover, experimental studies have presented evidence that in some cases, negative or threatening information may in fact have opposite effects, such as defensive responses (Glock & Kneer, 2009), psychological reactance (Erceg-Hurn & Steed, 2011), or even completely adverse effects, such as a reduced risk perception (Myers, 2014). Pure knowledge about dangers and risk, as it is often provided by prevention programs or warning labels, was often found to have very little predictive value for actual risk behavior (Rosendahl, Galanti, Gilljam, & Ahlbom, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of Risk Perception and Substance Use of Tobacco, Alcohol and Cannabis Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Evidence of Directional Influences

Grevenstein

Nagy

Jungaberle

2014

Substance Use & Misuse

105

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of Risk Perception and Substance Use of Tobacco, Alcohol and Cannabis Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Evidence of Directional Influences

Grevenstein

Nagy

Jungaberle

2014

Substance Use & Misuse

105

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“…Sigara paketleri üzerindeki saðlýk uyarýlarýnýn, psikolojik tepkiselliðe neden olmanýn yaný sýra, sigara içenler üzerinde biliþsel çeliþkiye yol açabile-ceði de ileri sürülmektedir (34). Biliþsel Çeliþki Kuramýna göre (2) bireyler ayný anda birbiri ile tutarsýz iki biliþsel temsile sahip olduklarýnda 'biliþsel çeliþki' olarak adlandýrýlan psikolojik bir durum deneyimlerler.…”

Section: Rahatsýz Edici Sigara Uyarýlarýna Yönelik Savunmacý Tepkilerunclassified

A Review on the Effects of Health Warnings Printed on Cigarette Packages on Smokers

Malatyalı¹,

Sunal²

2017

J Clin Psy

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SUMMARYPrinting warning messages on cigarette packages is one of the policies against smoking. Millions of people are exposed to these warning messages every day. Therefore, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of these messages and evaluate their effects on individuals. This study aims to discuss the studies investigating health warnings on cigarette packages. In this context, studies about the design of warning messages (e.g. Should we use combined warnings which contain pictorials and texts together or should they contain only pictorials or only texts?; Do we need to return to plain packages?) on cigarette packages were reviewed. Then, studies related to the content of the messages were reviewed since the content of the messages (i.e. message framing) could also be effective on smoking just as the package design. Graphic warning labels on cigarette packages may generate defensive reactions. In this regard, these defensive reactions against graphic warning labels were addressed within the frameworks of psychological reactance theory (1), cognitive dissonance theory (2), terror management theory (3) and self-affirmation theory (4). Finally, how these defensive reactions could be reduced (e.g. framing sentences as questions instead of affirmative sentences) was reviewed on the basis of related literature.

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“…For example, since 2003, warning labels have been shown on cigarette packs, and alcohol commercials in The Netherlands are required to state that responsible alcohol consumption is advised. This distinction is important as, for instance, Glock and Kneer (2009) found that smokers, compared to non-smokers, were realistic about their higher chance of contracting a smoking-related illness (e.g. lung cancer).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-persuasion as marketing technique: the role of consumers’ involvement

Bernritter

Ooijen

Müller

2017

European Journal of Marketing

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Purpose -This paper aims to demonstrate that self-persuasion can be used as a marketing technique to increase consumers' generosity and that the efficacy of this approach is dependent on consumers' involvement with target behavior.Design/methodology/approach -An experimental field-study was conducted to investigate the effects of self-persuasion versus direct persuasion attempts versus no persuasion attempts on consumers' tipping behavior in a lunchroom. Additionally, in a lab experiment, the moderating role of involvement on self-persuasion versus direct persuasion was tested.Findings -The results reveal that self-persuasion is more effective than direct persuasion attempts or no persuasive messages in increasing consumers' generosity. This is moderated by consumers' involvement with the target behavior. For consumers with high involvement, self-persuasion is more effective than direct persuasion, while no differences were found for consumers with moderate or low involvement.Practical implications -The scope of self-persuasion is not limited to the inhibition of undesired behavior, but it also extends to the facilitation of desired behavior, which considerably broadens the scope of this technique. Self-persuasion might be used as a marketing technique to influence consumers' purchase behavior. This might be particularly viable in situations in which consumers feel high involvement with products or behavior.Originality/value -Recently, research in health psychology demonstrated that self-persuasion is a very effective way of inhibiting undesired, addictive behavior and being more successful than direct persuasion. Yet, insufficient knowledge is available about the efficacy of self-persuasion with regard to promoting other

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Are Deterrent Pictures Effective? The Impact of Warning Labels on Cognitive Dissonance in Smokers

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Development of Risk Perception and Substance Use of Tobacco, Alcohol and Cannabis Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Evidence of Directional Influences

Development of Risk Perception and Substance Use of Tobacco, Alcohol and Cannabis Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Evidence of Directional Influences

A Review on the Effects of Health Warnings Printed on Cigarette Packages on Smokers

Self-persuasion as marketing technique: the role of consumers’ involvement

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