Are e-cigarettes a gateway to smoking or a pathway to quitting?

Alawsi, Fahad; Nour, Razan; Prabhu, Satheesh

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.591

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…8,48,91–98 Two conducted a bibliometric review of the ENDS literature 86,99 and 46% of the reviews were systematic. 11,13,15,16,22–28,33,34,36,39,46,48,53–58,60,61,66,68,70–75,79–82,85,86,88–90,93,97,100–104 The dramatically changing product landscape warrants frequent updates and synthesis of the rapidly growing evidence to inform prudent practice, policy, and regulation. 9,105,106 This comprehensive review presents a current synthesis of empirical studies on ENDS across a broad range of topics.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

420

332

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Context Rapid developments in e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and the evolution of the overall tobacco product marketplace warrant frequent evaluation of the published literature. The purpose of this article is to report updated findings from a comprehensive review of the published scientific literature on ENDS. Evidence acquisition The authors conducted a systematic review of published empirical research literature on ENDS through May 31, 2016, using a detailed search strategy in the PubMed electronic database, expert review, and additional targeted searches. Included studies presented empirical findings and were coded to at least one of nine topics: (1) Product Features; (2) Health Effects; (3) Consumer Perceptions; (4) Patterns of Use; (5) Potential to Induce Dependence; (6) Smoking Cessation; (7) Marketing and Communication; (8) Sales; and (9) Policies; reviews and commentaries were excluded. Data from included studies were extracted by multiple coders (October 2015 to August 2016) into a standardized form and synthesized qualitatively by topic. Evidence synthesis There were 686 articles included in this systematic review. The majority of studies assessed patterns of ENDS use and consumer perceptions of ENDS, followed by studies examining health effects of vaping and product features. Conclusions Studies indicate that ENDS are increasing in use, particularly among current smokers, pose substantially less harm to smokers than cigarettes, are being used to reduce/quit smoking, and are widely available. More longitudinal studies and controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of ENDS on population-level tobacco use and determine the health effects of longer-term vaping.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

420

332

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Attention has repeatedly been drawn to the fear that ecigarettes might act as a gateway to smoking or a means of renormalising smoking (Alwasi, Nour, & Prabhu, 2015;Barrington-Trimis, Behane, & Unger, 2016;Leventhal et al, 2015;McKee, Chapman, Daube, & Glantz, 2014). The fear that e-cigarettes might act as a smoking gateway have been driven in part by research in the U.S. which has shown that young people reporting past e-cigarette use are more likely (on follow-up) to report having smoked combustible cigarettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapers and vaping: E-cigarettes users views of vaping and smoking

McKeganey

Barnard

Russell

2017

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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The use of electronic cigarettes has increased markedly in recent years, however, as the popularity of e-cigarettes has increased, so has the controversy associated with their use. In this paper we report the views of a small sample of e-cigarette users focussing on the circumstances in which individuals began vaping, their reasons for continuing vaping, their perceptions of the relative harm of vaping compared to smoking, and their views as to whether their use of ecigarettes had increased their likelihood of smoking. In total we interviewed 50 vapers aged between 16 and 26. Typically, vapers explained their continued use of e-cigarettes in terms of the reduced harm compared to smoking, the lack of an offensive smell, the appeal of different flavours, the greater range of settings in which e-cigarettes could be used, and the reduced stigma associated with their use. The sample of interviewees were evenly split with regard to the perceived justification (or not) for banning vaping in public. Finally, we make the case that it is important to base policy and regulation of e-cigarettes on both robust epidemiological data on the impact of these devices as well as more qualitative, ethnographic, information from users themselves.

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“…‘candy’ flavour), and via social media 19 . Although many jurisdictions where ENDS can be legally purchased have bans on sales to minors when the e‐liquid contains nicotine, 20–22 ENDS are often easily obtained through informal social sources, such as friends and family members 23 . Further, few countries enforce age restrictions on the purchase of e‐liquids that do not contain nicotine 22 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many jurisdictions where ENDS can be legally purchased have bans on sales to minors when the e‐liquid contains nicotine, 20–22 ENDS are often easily obtained through informal social sources, such as friends and family members 23 . Further, few countries enforce age restrictions on the purchase of e‐liquids that do not contain nicotine 22 . Recent meta‐analyses of youth cohort studies published by the WHO 24 and others 69 suggest that use of ENDS by non‐smoking young people can as much as quadruple the odds of later tobacco use 25 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth globally: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of country level data

Yoong¹,

Stockings²,

Chai³

et al. 2018

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: To describe the prevalence and change in prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use in youth by country and combustible smoking status. Methods:Databases and the grey literature were systematically searched to December 2015. Studies describing the prevalence of ENDS use in the general population aged ≤20 years in a defined geographical region were included. Where multiple estimates were available within countries, prevalence estimates of ENDS use were pooled for each country separately.Results: Data from 27 publications (36 surveys) from 13 countries were included. The prevalence of ENDS ever use in 2013-2015 among youth were highest in Poland (62.1%; 95%CI: 59.9-64.2%), and lowest in Italy (5.9%; 95%CI: 3.3-9.2%). Among non-smoking youth, the prevalence of ENDS ever use in 2013-2015 varied, ranging from 4.2% (95%CI: 3.8-4.6%) in the US to 14.0% in New Zealand (95%CI: 12.7-15.4%). The prevalence of ENDS ever use among current tobacco smoking youth was the highest in Canada (71.9%, 95%CI: 70.9-72.8%) and lowest in Italy (29.9%, 95%CI: 18.5-42.5%). Between 2008 and 2015, ENDS ever use among youth increased in Poland, Korea, New Zealand and the US; decreased in Italy and Canada; and remained stable in the UK. Conclusions:There is considerable heterogeneity in ENDS use among youth globally across countries and also between current smokers and non-smokers.Implications for public health: Population-level survey data on ENDS use is needed to inform public health policy and messaging globally.

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Are e-cigarettes a gateway to smoking or a pathway to quitting?

Cited by 14 publications

References 82 publications

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Vapers and vaping: E-cigarettes users views of vaping and smoking

Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth globally: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of country level data

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