Are EPA and DHA Derivatives Involved in IBD Remission?

Abstract

Recently, an increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been observed among children and adolescents. Although the pathogenesis of IBD is not fully elucidated currently, actual research focuses on the occurrence of imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules and future identification of the role of cytokines in IBD therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid derivatives during both phases of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The study included 64 adolescent patients with CD (n = 34) and UC (n = 30) aged 13.76 ± 2.69 and 14.15 ± 3.31, respectively. Biochemical analysis was performed on a liquid chromatography apparatus. A statistically significant lower concentration of resolvin E1 (RvE1) was observed in the CD group relative to UC. In the active phase of CD, a statistically significantly higher concentration of protectin DX (PDX) was observed relative to remission CD. Comparing the active phase of both diseases, a statistically significantly higher concentration of resolvin E1 (RvE1) was observed in UC relative to CD. Comparing the remission phase of both diseases showed statistically significantly higher PDX levels in CD relative to UC. Our study adds to the knowledge on the involvement of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators in both IBD entities. In conclusion, it seems that the marker differentiating both disease entities in the active phase may be RvE1, while in the remission phase, PDX. In CD remission, the greatest involvement was observed towards PDX, whereas in UC, MaR1, RvE1 and 18RS-HEPE seem to be the most involved in remission.

Dietary Habits and Nutrient Deficiencies in a Cohort of European Crohn’s Disease Adult Patients

“…Both our study groups showed a very low ω3/ω6 ratio, and for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) concerns, we observed a significant decrease in DHA intake in the CD group. DHA exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of TNFα receptor and TLR4 inflammatory signaling pathways and also through anti-inflammatory lipid mediators synthesis [ 27 ]; therefore, it is important that these patients increase their daily DHA intake.…”

Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles prevent gut inflammation by regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism

“…33 Moreover, a study presented that the level of blood DHA is significantly decreased in the active inflammatory UC relative to UC remission. 35 However, mEVs could improve the content of DHA in plasma, which is useful for colitis remission. In addition, mEVs promote the absorption of n-6 PUFAs such as eicosadienoic acid (EDA) in colonic tissues.…”

Protective Properties of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Supplementation on the Intestinal Barrier: Interactions and Effects

“…115 lipid mediator derived from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 116 RvE1 acts as an agonist for chemerin receptor 23 (Chem R23), a G protein coupled receptor found on neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. This subsequently inhibits immune cell migration.…”

“…These responses can be alleviated by increasing IAP expression through the activation of the inflammatory mediator resolvin E1 (RvE1) . RvE1 is a lipid mediator derived from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) . RvE1 acts as an agonist for chemerin receptor 23 (Chem R23), a G protein coupled receptor found on neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells.…”