Are Female-Headed Households More Food Insecure? Evidence from Bangladesh

Mallick, Debdulal; Rafi, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.004

Cited by 128 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the other hand, data relating to vulnerable groups such as children, aged people, female-headed households, and indigenous households are were not consistently collected. In rural Bangladesh, female-headed households (male-absent households) for example, are likely to have lower levels of income male-headed households due to low literacy rate, asset holdings and access to employment compared to men (Joshi, 2004;Mallick and Rafi, 2010). Therefore, the intensity of potential impacts experienced by these vulnerable groups can be more severe than others.…”

Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen Years of Environmental Impact Assessment System in Bangladesh: Current Practice, Challenges and Future Directions

Kabir

Momtaz

2013

J. Env. Assmt. Pol. Mgmt.

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The aim of this article is to review the current practice of EIA system in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, EIA has been practiced for more than fifteen years. However, there is a lack of scientific information about the current practice of EIA in Bangladesh. This article focused and reviewed three key areas of EIA system in Bangladesh: institutional arrangement, quality of EISs and implementation of mitigation measures. By using a set of good practice criteria, this article finds that still there are shortcomings in current EIA practice despite that fact that EIA practice in Bangladesh has been improving over the last fifteen years. This means Bangladesh could not harness the full benefit of EIA yet. This article suggest that in order to harness the full benefits of EIA, adequate implementation of mitigation measures is imperative while improving the capacity of proponents, regulatory agency and the quality of EIS.

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Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen Years of Environmental Impact Assessment System in Bangladesh: Current Practice, Challenges and Future Directions

Kabir

Momtaz

2013

J. Env. Assmt. Pol. Mgmt.

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“…The household that preferred agricultural activities for their sustenance were not away from this bane as the women were in limited and fallback position within home because they had less share in land than men (Agrawal, 1994). In addition to the social factors geographic situation was also reported to play its role as the dwellers of resource scarce areas were more vulnerable to food insecurity than of other areas (Mallik and Rafi , 2010;Nanama and Frongillo, 2012). Intra-household context highlighted more rigidity for institutions to function in the resource scarce areas than the other areas, so resources and institutions have been intrarelated context (Kabeer, 2010;Kuku et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Food Insecurity: Food Entitlement in Resource Scarce Areas in the Far-Western Region of Nepal

Bishokarma¹,

Amir²

2014

JGIASS

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In spite of being the principal producers of food, women and child girls are often suffer from malnutrition and hunger. Most of the discussions regarding their food insecurity have focused so far on the intra-household access and distribution of food. This article analyzes the broader spectrum of gender dimensions of inter and intra-household entitlement to food. This study conducted in the far-western region of Nepal, which is established as a resource poor region, shows the institutions such as patrilinearity, patriarchal inheritance law, patrilocality and early marriage, the cultural norms, discriminatory food distributional practices, caste and ethnicity still function among some categories women in terms of land ownerships, share tenancy, acquiring sufficient and nutritious food, wage and employment, and credit, resulting their entitlement failure. At a time, this article discusses how new initiatives such as market, women's self-help agencies, Government's new policy and NGOs have been playing crucial role to change in the institutions that resulted into women's capability enhancement.

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“…Breakeven food security on the other hand is a situation where a household has no food shortage or surplus. Following Mallick and Rafi (2010) we constructed the subjective binary food security measure as follows: we combined the chronic and occasional food insecurity variables to define "food insecure households", while the breakeven and food surplus variables were combined to classify "food secure households". Note that in this chapter, we do not distinguish between food and nutrition security 14 .…”

Section: Food Security Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the literature on food security (Alene and Manyong, 2006;Kassie et al, 2014b;Mallick and Rafi, 2010) we expect the food security status to improve with gender, area cultivated, kinship, reliance on government support, access to credit, off-farm income, and rainfall. On the other hand, we expect the dependency ratio, distances to the extension agent's office and output markets to have a negative relationship with food security.…”

Section: Specification Of Variables In the Treatment And Outcome Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The per capita food expenditure and the food security line derived from the cost of calories method constitute the objective measures, while the respondents' own perceptions about their food security status constitute the subjective measures. Recent studies by Mallick and Rafi (2010), Kassie et al (2014a), Kassie et al (2014b) and Shiferaw et al (2014) used subjective measures of household food security in Bangladesh, Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia, respectively. Deaton (2010) also advocates for the use of selfreported measures of poverty in surveys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Econometric analysis of improved maize varieties and sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in Eastern Zambia

Manda

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Maize is the principle food staple in Zambia, providing both food and income for most of the rural populace. It is estimated that over 50% of the daily caloric intake is derived from maize;with an average consumption of over 85kg per year. Because of the importance of maize, a number of improved maize varieties and sustainable crop management practices have been developed to increase its productivity. Despite these improved agricultural technologies being available for some time now, few studies have analyzed the adoption impacts of these technologies on the economic well-being of smallholder farmers in Zambia. To fill this gap in the literature, this thesis assesses the adoption and impacts of improved maize varieties and sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) on the welfare of smallholder farmers in the Eastern province of Zambia. To accomplish this objective, we use a number of novel econometric approaches and a comprehensive household survey data from a sample of 810 rural households and 3788 plots. First, the findings suggest that the adoption of improved maize varieties is determined by a whole range of factors that include land cultivated, education of the household head and the total asset holdings of the household. Second, the results show that the adoption of improved maize varieties is associated with higher levels of income, food security, child nutritional status and lower levels of poverty. Third, the counterfactual analysis applied in this thesis shows that if non-adopters had adopted improved maize varieties, they would have realized higher levels of welfare than they currently have. Fourth, the results show that adoption of improved maize alone has greater impacts on maize yields, but given the high cost of inorganic fertilizer that limits the profitability of adoption of improved maize, higher household incomes are associated rather with the adoption of multiple SAPs.

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Are Female-Headed Households More Food Insecure? Evidence from Bangladesh

Cited by 128 publications

References 24 publications

Fifteen Years of Environmental Impact Assessment System in Bangladesh: Current Practice, Challenges and Future Directions

Fifteen Years of Environmental Impact Assessment System in Bangladesh: Current Practice, Challenges and Future Directions

Gender and Food Insecurity: Food Entitlement in Resource Scarce Areas in the Far-Western Region of Nepal

Econometric analysis of improved maize varieties and sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in Eastern Zambia

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