Are fungal strains from salinized streams adapted to salt-rich conditions?

Gonçalves, Ana Lúcia; Carvalho, Adriana Lelis; Bärlocher, Feli×; Canhoto, Cristina

doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0018

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Thus, the underlying mechanisms for reduced decomposition remain controversial. Whereas a recent study [68] showed that fungal decomposers obtained from both salinized and undisturbed sites largely maintained their function at experimental high salinity concentrations, a previous study [39] revealed lower leaf decomposition rates for microorganism communities from a salinized reach compared with those from an undisturbed site, which may hint towards a salinity-driven selection of less efficient bacterial decomposers. Despite the rather consistent reduction in decomposition with increased salinity, many other factors, such as nutrient availability, litter type and temperature, affect decomposition rates [46,65].…”

Section: (B) Leaf Litter Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review

Berger

Frör

Schäfer

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In many dry parts of the world, salinization of water resources threatens freshwater biodiversity and the livelihood of people. However, ecological impact studies remain scarce. Here, we review field-observations of salinity impacts on ecosystem processes such as leaf decomposition, metabolism, biomass production and nutrient cycling, with a special emphasis on dryland ecosystems. In addition, we discuss the potential linkages of these processes to ecosystem service delivery—the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems—as additional nature conservation arguments and the challenges associated with this endeavour. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.

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Section: (B) Leaf Litter Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review

Berger

Frör

Schäfer

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…This ion stress could result in mortality from the increased energy expenditure and investment in morphological structures that are required to maintain homeostasis [23,[36][37][38][39]. Whereas aquatic and terrestrial fungal activity may not show measureable changes until intermediate or highly elevated salinities occur and thus buffer ecosystem effects [40][41][42]. However, the mechanisms responsible for the biological response remain uncertain [35,43,44] and ion concentrations below those that result in species loss (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple riparian–stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization

Entrekin

Clay

Mogilevski

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 23 to a theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.Secondary freshwater salinization, a common anthropogenic alteration, has detrimental, lethal and sub-lethal effects on aquatic biota. Ions from secondary salinization can become toxic to terrestrial and aquatic organisms when exposed to salinized runoff that causes periodic high-concentration pulses. Gradual, low-level (less than 1000 ppm salinity) increases in salt concentrations are also commonly documented in regions with urbanization, agriculture, drilling and mining. Despite widespread low-level salt increases, little is known about the biological and ecological consequences in coupled riparian-stream systems. Recent research indicates lethal and even sub-lethal levels of ions can subsidize or stress microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivores that could lead to alterations of three riparian-stream pathways: (i) salinized runoff that changes microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivore and algae performance leading to changes in composition and processing of detrital pools; (ii) riparian plant salt uptake and altered litter chemistry, and litterfall for riparian and aquatic detritivores and their subsequent enrichment, stimulating decomposition rates and production of dissolved and fine organic matter; and (iii) salt consumption in salinized soils could increase riparian detritivore growth, decomposition and dissolved organic matter production. Subsidy-stress and reciprocal flows in coupled riparian-stream connections provide frameworks to identify the extent and magnitude of changes in detrital processing from salinization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.

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“…However, we cannot rule out the possibility of a strategy shift of fungi in this treatment. It would be possible that unfavorable conditions imposed by the finest sediment lead fungi to invest more energy in reproduction (spore production) crucial for colonization of other substrata in more favorable conditions, as has been suggested in response to other alterations, such as temperature (Chauvet & Suberkropp, ) and salinization (Gonçalves, Carvalho, Bärlocher, & Canhoto, ). Although the effects on sporulation rate were grain‐size‐dependent, the presence of sediment per se and independently of the granulometry resulted in an alteration of the fungal assemblages’ structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional redundancy in leaf‐litter‐associated aquatic hyphomycetes: Fine sediment alters community composition but hardly decomposer activity

Martínez

Lírio

Febra

et al. 2019

Internat Rev Hydrobiol

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The increase in the flow of fine sediments to the aquatic ecosystems (AH), as a consequence of human activities, is a widespread stressor that may alter the structure of biological communities and ecosystem processes. In this study, the effects of sediments (Ø < 2 mm) on the structure (biomass and composition) and activity (decomposer activity and sporulation rate) of litter‐associated microorganisms (mainly AH) were investigated. For this, leaf discs of in‐stream preconditioned Quercus robur were incubated in microcosms for 30 days under the influence of four different grain‐size (<2, 1–0.5, 0.5–0.063, and <0.063 mm) sediments kept in motion. Fine sediments barely altered microbial decomposer activity and did not affect fungal biomass. Meanwhile, the sporulation rate was enhanced by sediments’ presence, the results being grain‐size‐dependent, and the fungal community composition was affected by the presence of sediments, independently of grain size. These findings evidence the functional redundancy of microbial assemblages involved in leaf litter decomposition in freshwaters.

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Are fungal strains from salinized streams adapted to salt-rich conditions?

Abstract: One contribution of 23 to a theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.

Cited by 21 publications

References 73 publications

Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review

Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review

Multiple riparian–stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization

Functional redundancy in leaf‐litter‐associated aquatic hyphomycetes: Fine sediment alters community composition but hardly decomposer activity

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