Are gender and cultural diversities on board related to corporate CO2 emissions?

Martínez, María del Carmen Valls; Jaén, José Manuel Santos; Román, Rafael Soriano; Martín-Cervantes, Pedro Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132638

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…A one standard deviation increase in bgd is, on average, associated with a 6.77 (5.67) percent decrease in total (scope 1 and 2) corporate carbon emission intensity. This negative association is consistent with recent findings by Valls Martínez et al. (2022) derived from a sample of European companies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Market perceptions on the role of female leadership in adapting to climate change

Kordsachia

Bassen²,

Fieberg

et al. 2023

JRF

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PurposeThis empirical study aims to examine the association between gender-diverse boards and corporate carbon emissions and estimates the effect of board gender diversity on stock price reactions to climate activism. This study contributes to the inconclusive literature on the link between gender-diverse boards and firms' financial performance by examining a single and plausibly isolated channel of association (i.e. attention to climate change).Design/methodology/approachThe authors use parametric and non-parametric panel data techniques to examine the association between gender-diverse boards to corporate carbon emission. The system generalized methods of moments (SYS-GMM) estimator is used to address endogeneity concerns. The authors use the event study methodology to examine difference in stock price reactions to climate activism.FindingsThe results show that high board gender diversity is associated with lower corporate carbon emissions and higher stock returns to climate activism.Originality/valueThis is the first study to isolate public attention to climate change as a relevant channel through which gender-diverse boards have an impact of firms' financial performance. This study is timely and important due to the immediate threat of global warming and the recent introduction of mandatory board gender quotas in many countries around the world.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Market perceptions on the role of female leadership in adapting to climate change

Kordsachia

Bassen²,

Fieberg

et al. 2023

JRF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The instruments must be correlated with the endogenous variable that they replace, i.e., with board gender diversity, but not with the error term in the estimation of beta ( Baum et al, 2007 ). The following variables were used as instruments in the study performed ( Valls Martínez and Cruz Rambaud, 2019 ; Valls Martínez et al, 2022b ): (1) a dummy variable based on whether the company applies Gender Diversity Policies on the board (GDP), expecting that, if so, this body will be more gender-diverse; (2) the percentage of Non-Executive Board Members (NEBM), as the more non-executive members there are, the more women could occupy seats on the board; (3) the percentage of Independent Board Members (IBM), since most women on the board tend to belong to the category of independent members; and (4) Executive Member Gender Diversity (EMGD), assuming that, if the company is more inclined to apply gender policies, then these will affect all levels of the organization, from the lowest positions to executive and monitoring positions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, instead of using the percentage of women on the board of directors as the independent variable, we used the residuals resulting from estimating this variable with the remaining regressors. Fifth, we applied the lagged fixed effects model with board gender diversity as the explanatory variable, but now with all the variables involved winsorized at level 0.01 in order to eliminate extreme values that could distort the results ( Valls Martínez et al, 2022b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women in monitoring positions and market risk. Are the stocks of companies with gender diverse boards less volatile?

Martínez

Román

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Gender equality is included in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and in the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization. Many countries, especially in Europe, are incorporating legal quotas into their legislation to oblige companies to increase the presence of women in the highest positions of responsibility. This measure has been controversial and widely debated, and so it is of great interest to analyze the economic effects that the incorporation of women brings. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the percentage of women on the board of directors and systematic market risk, measured using the beta of stocks in the S&P 500 and Euro Stoxx 300 indexes from 2015 to 2019. Applying OLS regressions with instrumental variables, fixed effects panel data, and a GMM estimation, the results show a negative and significant relationship for the U.S. market. However, this relationship was not confirmed for the European market.

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“…Moreover, patients’ perception of and satisfaction with the healthcare system depends on their individual characteristics, such as age, gender, and social status [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Satisfaction with a service is divided into three elements: the structure, the processes, and the results obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several reasons for believing that satisfaction with health care may depend on a person’s gender [ 43 ]. For example, it is more common for women to use healthcare services than men, as they often play a larger role in raising their children [ 41 ]. In accordance with the above and based on social role theory, the perception of health services may differ according to gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Patient Satisfaction through the Effect of Healthcare Spending on Waiting Times for Consultations and Operations

et al. 2022

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In recent years, public authorities have invested large amounts of public money in trying to reduce waiting times for consultations and operations with the aim of improving the quality of the healthcare system. Our research aims to analyze the effect of these investments on patient satisfaction through the mediating relationship of waiting times for consultations and operations, as well as from a gender perspective. By studying a series of key indicators of the Spanish healthcare system and applying partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the findings show that the model explains 12.10% of the variance in consultant waiting times, 51.90% in operation waiting times, and 27.00% in patient satisfaction. We found that increased public spending leads to increased patient satisfaction by reducing waiting times. However, no gender-based differences were found. The results provide exciting implications for theory and practice, indicating how policymakers can orient their strategies towards improving patient satisfaction.

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Are gender and cultural diversities on board related to corporate CO2 emissions?

Cited by 35 publications

References 99 publications

Market perceptions on the role of female leadership in adapting to climate change

Market perceptions on the role of female leadership in adapting to climate change

Women in monitoring positions and market risk. Are the stocks of companies with gender diverse boards less volatile?

Analysis of Patient Satisfaction through the Effect of Healthcare Spending on Waiting Times for Consultations and Operations

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