Are gym surfaces reservoirs for Staphylococcus aureus? A point prevalence survey

Markley, John Daniel; Edmond, Michael B.; Major, Yvette; Bearman, Gonzalo; Stevens, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.01.015

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These locations were chosen for sampling because S. aureus is frequently found in GYMs and ICUs and could therefore play a role in community or nosocomial transmission of S. aureus (Markley et al 2012;Chen et al 2014). …”

Section: Field Sampling Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Propidium Monoazide Quantitative PCR for Evaluating Performances of Bioaerosol Samplers for Sampling AirborneStaphylococcus aureus

Tseng

Hsiao

Chang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Airborne Staphylococcus aureus causes a significant proportion of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to combine real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with the DNA-binding agent propidium monoazide (PMA-qPCR) to assess exposures to airborne S. aureus. In this work, we generated a S. aureus aerosol and used our assay to detect viable, airborne S. aureus in a study chamber. The biological collection efficiencies of three samplers (the AGI-30 impinger, BioSampler, and Nuclepore filter sampler) were evaluated using the S. aureus aerosols. The effects of storage in collection fluid on S. aureus sampled by the AGI-30 impinger and BioSampler were evaluated. Furthermore, air samples from an intensive care unit (ICU) and a gymnasium (GYM) were subsequently used to test the performance of a BioSampler combined with our PMA-qPCR technique. The BioSampler was more effective than the AGI-30 and Nuclepore filter samplers for preserving the culturability and viability of S. aureus aerosol samples. After sampling by impingement, the loss of viable S. aureus was minimized by treating the cells with PMA prior to storage at ¡20 C and analyzing the samples by qPCR within 3 weeks. In field applications, we noted that traditional culture assays tended to underestimate the viable concentrations of S. aureus by approximately one order of magnitude. Overall, combining qPCR with and without PMA staining may be useful for assessing exposure to airborne S. aureus. However, a complex set of parameters that may affect the efficiency of PMA-qPCR must be taken into account before applying PMA-qPCR to bioaerosol detection.

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Section: Field Sampling Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Propidium Monoazide Quantitative PCR for Evaluating Performances of Bioaerosol Samplers for Sampling AirborneStaphylococcus aureus

Tseng

Hsiao

Chang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…This association is biologically plausible, when people exercise with exposed upper back and has close contact with the mat while doing yoga. Prior studies suggest that skin contact is important for transmission of SA, including sharing of gym equipment [34] including mats [35], soaps [3] and towels. [36] Additionally, it is known that SA can be shed into the environment through desquamation of the skin, especially in patients with psoriasis and eczema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in patients attending inner city sexually transmitted infections and community clinics in Calgary, Canada

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough the nares represent the most common carriage site for traditional hospital-associated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), the predominant site of carriage of SA in the community is less certain.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 285 patients attending sexually transmitted diseases and inner-city clinics to evaluate the prevalence, body site colonisation and risk factors associated with carriage of methicillin susceptible SA (MSSA). All isolates were characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, staphylococcal protein A and multilocus sequence typing.ResultsThe prevalence of colonisation with SA was 57.5% (164/285); 162 (56.8%) participants were colonized with MSSA, and 4 (1.4%) with methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA), 2 of them were co-colonised with both MRSA and MSSA. The most common sites of colonisation were the throat (73.1%), nares (65.2%) and interdigital web spaces of the hand (21.3%). Three out of 4 MRSA isolates were USA300-MRSA strains. Twelve MSSA isolates were closely related to the USA300 CA-MRSA. We identified sexual behaviours such as having more than 6 heterosexual sexual partners in the last 6 months and trimming pubic hair to be independently associated with MSSA colonisation, and more specifically practicing oral sex as a risk factor for throat colonisation.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of MSSA carriage in this population, with a low prevalence of MRSA. The throat was the most common site of carriage and sexual behaviours were found to be risk factors for MSSA colonisation. Close strain relatedness of MSSA and USA300-MRSA isolates suggests either gain or loss of the SCCmec element, respectively.

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“…Markley et al (7) cultured gym surfaces in a university fitness center. They collected 99 samples of gym surfaces; 10 yielded methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and the authors postulated that by spreading (to members) in the gym, the staphylococci were able to transition into the community.…”

Section: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections at the Gym

Weissfeld

2015

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter

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Are gym surfaces reservoirs for Staphylococcus aureus? A point prevalence survey

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Optimization of Propidium Monoazide Quantitative PCR for Evaluating Performances of Bioaerosol Samplers for Sampling AirborneStaphylococcus aureus

Optimization of Propidium Monoazide Quantitative PCR for Evaluating Performances of Bioaerosol Samplers for Sampling AirborneStaphylococcus aureus

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in patients attending inner city sexually transmitted infections and community clinics in Calgary, Canada

Infections at the Gym

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