Are higher rates of depression in women accounted for by differential symptom reporting?

Bogner, Hillary R.; Gallo, Joseph J.

doi:10.1007/s00127-004-0714-z

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The symptom-perception theory proposes a gender difference in how individuals pay attention to, define, and react to psychiatric symptoms (Gijsbers Van Wijk & Kolk, 1997;Hetland, Torsheim, & Aaro, 2002). Earlier hypotheses have also suggested that women are more emotional and have more expressive behavior than men (Simon & Nath, 2004) but this has subsequently been rejected by Bogner and Gallo (Bogner & Gallo, 2004). Women in the USA report that they feel anxious and sad more often than men, but the common cultural assumption that women express feelings more often than men seems to be false (Simon & Nath, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Stress and Psychiatric Symptoms in Swedish Upper Secondary School Students

Thorsén¹,

Antonson²,

Sundquist³

et al. 2016

JEDP

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Stress and Psychiatric Symptoms in Swedish Upper Secondary School Students

Thorsén¹,

Antonson²,

Sundquist³

et al. 2016

JEDP

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“…Perhaps women behave in ways that are stereotypical for depression, leading physicians to pick up on depression without the need for patients to bring it up themselves. It is also possible that physicians, aware that depression is more common among women, 36 are more likely to diagnose depression in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unwritten Rules of Talking to Doctors About Depression: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Wittink

Barg

Gallo

2006

The Annals of Family Medicine

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PURPOSE We wanted to understand concordance and discordance between physicians and patients about depression status by assessing older patient's views of interactions with their physicians. METHODSWe used an integrated mixed methods design that is both hypothesis testing and hypothesis generating. Patients aged 65 years and older, who identifi ed themselves as being depressed, were recruited from the offi ces of primary care physicians and interviewed in their homes using a semistructured interview format. We compared patients whose physicians rated them as depressed with those whose physicians who did not according to personal characteristics (hypothesis testing). Themes regarding patient perceptions of their encounters with physicians were then used to generate further hypotheses. RESULTSPatients whose physician rated them as depressed were younger than those whose physician did not. Standard measures, such as depressive symptoms and functional status, did not differentiate between patients. Four themes emerged in interviews with patients regarding how they interacted with their physicians; namely, "My doctor just picked it up," "I'm a good patient," "They just check out your heart and things," and "They'll just send you to a psychiatrist." All patients who thought the physician would "just pick up" depression and those who thought bringing up emotional content would result in a referral to a psychiatrist were rated as depressed by the physician. Few of the patients who discussed being a "good patient" were rated as depressed by the physician. CONCLUSIONSPhysicians may signal to patients, wittingly or unwittingly, how emotional problems will be addressed, infl uencing how patients perceive their interactions with physicians regarding emotional problems. Ann Fam Med 2006;4:302-309. DOI: 10.1370/afm.558. INTRODUCTIONT he primary health care setting plays a key role for older adults with depression and other psychiatric disturbances, because older persons in the community are unlikely to receive mental health care from a mental health care specialist.1-3 Nevertheless, evidence on the quality of care for older adults with depression in primary care suggests that often their depression is not diagnosed or actively managed. 4 Although much attention has been focused on understanding physician-based reasons for underdiagnosis of depression, primary care physicians believe that barriers to depression treatment are most often patient centered and related to patient attitudes and beliefs about depression care. 5 Several previous studies have linked patient-physician communication to important health outcomes and adherence to treatments. Our study focuses on the patient's view of the interactions with their physicians and is based on an integrated mixed methods design that includes elements derived from both quantitative and qualitative traditions, 10,11 alternating hypothesis-testing and hypothesis-generating strategies. This design allowed us to link the themes regarding how patients talk to their physicians wi...

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“…There are several possible explanations for these contrasting patterns [41][42][43]. First, men use more lethal methods of suicide than women, so case fatality is higher.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of major depressive disorder

Kiyohara

Yoshimasu

2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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Major depressive disorder causes significant morbidity, affecting people's ability to work, function in relationships, and engage in social activities. Moreover, major depressive disorder increases the risk of suicidal ideation, attempted suicide and death by completed suicide. There is evidence that chronic stress can cause major depressive disorder. As for genetic factors, only minor susceptibility genes have been reliably identified. The serotonin system provides a logical source of susceptibility genes for depression, because this system is the target of selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitor drugs that are effective in treating depression. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter (5-HTT) has received particular attention because it is involved in the reuptake of serotonin at brain synapses. One common polymorphic variant of the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), which affects the promoter of the 5-HTT gene, causes reduced uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin into the presynaptic cells in the brain. The authors discussed the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and major depressive disorder, with special emphasis on the 5-HTTTLPR polymorphism. As the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder, the 5-HTT gene may be a candidate for a major depressive disorder susceptibility gene. As major depressive disorder is a multifactorial disease, an improved understanding of the interplay of environmental and genetic polymorphisms at multiple loci may help identify individuals who are at increased risk for major depressive disorder. Hopefully, in the future we will be able to screen for major depressive disorder susceptibility by using specific biomarkers.

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Are higher rates of depression in women accounted for by differential symptom reporting?

Abstract: Background-The gender difference in prevalence and incidence rates of depression is one of the most consistent findings in psychiatric epidemiology. We sought to examine whether any gender differences in symptom profile might account for this difference in rates.

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Perceived Stress and Psychiatric Symptoms in Swedish Upper Secondary School Students

Perceived Stress and Psychiatric Symptoms in Swedish Upper Secondary School Students

Unwritten Rules of Talking to Doctors About Depression: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Molecular epidemiology of major depressive disorder

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