Are homosexual males a risk group for hepatitis A infection in intermediate endemicity areas?

Ballesteros, J.; Dal‐Ré, Rafael; González, Antonio; Romero, Jorge del

doi:10.1017/s0950268800001242

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, our findings are in agreement with those previously reported in a Belgian [9] and a Spanish study [8]. In a recent US study, the HAV prevalence among homosexuals was similar to the age-adjusted prevalence estimated for the general United States population [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Lack of evidence for increased risk of hepatitis A infection in homosexual men

et al. 1999

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In 1997, prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were evaluated in 146 homosexual and 286 heterosexual men attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinic in Rome, Italy. Total HAV antibody (anti-HAV) was detected in 60.3% of homosexuals and 62.2% of heterosexuals. After adjustment for the confounding effects of age, years of schooling, number of sexual partners, use of condoms, and history of STD, homosexuals were not found to be at increased risk of previous HAV exposure than heterosexuals (OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.7-1.9). Independent predictors of the likelihood of anti-HAV seropositivity among homosexuals and heterosexuals were: age older than 35 years and positive syphilis serology which is likely a proxy of lifestyles that increase the risk of faecal-oral infections. These findings do not support a higher risk in homosexual men but could suggest a role for the vaccination of susceptible patients attending STD clinics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, some studies have shown that the prevalence of antibodies to HAV (anti-HAV) among homosexual men is similar to that found in heterosexual men [8] and in the general population [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Lack of evidence for increased risk of hepatitis A infection in homosexual men

et al. 1999

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“…No such associations were found in this study, possibly due to the widespread nature and collinearity of these practices in the cohort. A well-known risk factor for HAV infection in men who have sex with men, oral-anal sexual contact [Corey and Holmes, 1980;Ballesteros et al, 1996;Katz et al, 1997], could not be evaluated in this analysis, since the risk assessment did not include any questions about this behavior. Isolated anti-HBc was observed in 158 men and more HIV positive men had this serologic pattern than HIV negative men (Table I).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HAV infection incidence among men who have sex with men is greater than in heterosexual men, and cyclic HAV infection outbreaks in men who have sex with men have been reported [Corey and Holmes, 1980;CDC, 1992;Leentvaar-Kuijpers et al, 1995;Katz et al, 1997;CDC, 1998;Bell et al, 2001;Cotter et al, 2003]. Oral-anal contact and insertive anal intercourse facilitate fecal-oral transmission of HAV and are associated with infection [Corey and Holmes, 1980;Ballesteros et al, 1996;Katz et al, 1997]. In the US, men who have sex with men are 10-15 times as likely to be infected with HBV as men in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B infection prevalence and associated risk factors in men who have sex with men, Bangkok, 2006–2008

Linkins

Chonwattana

Holtz

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, little is known about prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among Thai men who have sex with men. The prevalence of HAV and HBV infection among men who have sex with men cohort in Bangkok was assessed. Baseline blood specimens were drawn and demographic and behavioral data were collected. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for prevalent HAV and HBV infection. One thousand two hundred ninety-nine Thai men who have sex with men 18 years and older were enrolled. Among those with results, 349/1,291 (27.0%) had evidence of past or current hepatitis A infection. Of the 1,117 (86.5%) men with unambiguous HBV test results, 442 (39.6%) had serologic evidence of past/current infection, 103 (9.2%) were immune due to hepatitis B vaccination, 572 (51.2%) had no evidence of immunological exposure to HBV or vaccine. Of those with past/current HBV infection, 130 (29.4%) were HIV positive. Age >35 years was independently associated with both HAV and HBV infection. University education was protective against both HAV and HBV infection. Increased alcohol consumption, number of lifetime male sexual partners ≥10, and prevalent HIV infection were also independently associated with HBV infection. The prevalence of past/current HAV and HBV infection was high in Bangkok men who have sex with men. Age-cohorts with a higher prevalence of hepatitis B vaccine induced immunity may be expected in the future. Hepatitis A and B vaccination is recommended.

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“…A transmissão em homossexuais masculinos tem sido suspeitada e alguns surtos epidêmicos foram registrados nessa população. Alguns estudos têm mostrado que altos níveis de soroprevalência de hepatite A em homens homossexuais estão mais relacionadas com contacto oral-anal do que com a orientação sexual 4 .…”

Section: As Formas De Transmissão Do Vhaunclassified

Hepatite A

Pereira

Gonçalves

2003

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Hepatitis A infection is known since the ancient Chinese, Greek and Roman civilizations but the first documented report was published in the eighteenth century. The hepatovirus belongs to the Picornaviridae family, and carries a single strand RNA. There are 7 genotypes. Antibodies of the IgM and IgA classes, during natural infections, appear early in the serum, together with the first clinical manifestations of the disease, but they may also appear at the end of the first week of infection. There is a spectrum of clinical presentation: asymptomatic infection, symptomatic without jaundice and symptomatic jaundiced. A rare fatal form of hepatitis has been described. Diagnosis of the hepatitis A infection is confirmed by the finding of IgM anti-HAV antibodies, routinely performed using an ELISA test. Treatment is supportive. Intramuscular anti-A gamma globulin is used for passive immune prophylaxis, and there is an efficient vaccine for active immune prophylaxis.

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Are homosexual males a risk group for hepatitis A infection in intermediate endemicity areas?

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Lack of evidence for increased risk of hepatitis A infection in homosexual men

Lack of evidence for increased risk of hepatitis A infection in homosexual men

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B infection prevalence and associated risk factors in men who have sex with men, Bangkok, 2006–2008

Hepatite A

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