Are hydraulic patterns of lianas different from trees? New insights from Hedera helix

Ganthaler, Andrea; Marx, Katharina; Beikircher, Barbara; Mayr, Stefan

doi:10.1093/jxb/erz071

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…To the right of the peak are a few far-reaching values that do not form a clearly delimited group; rather, they represent an intermediate series between the small and the largest diameters. This type of frequency distribution of tracheary element diameters was repeatedly revealed later in similar studies in the xylem of other plants with a lianescent habit (Tibbetts et al, 2000;Ganthaler et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

The features of xylem tracheary elements in some herbaceous members of the family Convolvulaceae Horan.

et al. 2021

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Numerous narrow xylem tracheary elements (tracheids and vessels) are present in liana stems, along with a few wide vessels that perform the main water-conducting function. This trait, known as “vessel dimorphism”, has been identified in studies on water-conducting tissue in autotrophic plants, including a large number of perennial climbing plants and a number of annual vines. Information is lacking on the presence of vessel dimorphism in parasitic plants of the lianescent habit. In this study, we performed a structural analysis of stems in the autotrophic herbaceous vines of Convolvulus arvensis L. and Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br., as well as in the parasitic vines of Cuscuta monogyna Vahl, Cuscuta planiflora Ten., Cuscuta approximata Bab., and Cuscuta campestris Yunck., of the family of Convolvulaceae Horan. The xylem of C. arvensis and C. sepium contains a few wide conductive elements and many narrow ones. This feature is typical of autotrophic climbing plants. Only narrow tracheary elements are present in the xylem of the parasitic vines of the genus of Cuscuta L. (dodders). The total number of the tracheary elements is an order of magnitude less in the dodders than it is in the autotrophic vines. It is possible that the autotrophic ancestor of dodders lost the characteristic feature of the xylem of climbing plants, known as vessel dimorphism, during its transition to the parasitic lifestyle.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

The features of xylem tracheary elements in some herbaceous members of the family Convolvulaceae Horan.

et al. 2021

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“…Hypothetically, the accumulation of secondary xylem and coalescence of woody strands take place faster in this phase. First, self-supporting axes with a better exposure to sunlight carry sun leaves and thereby generate a higher photosynthetic activity (Bauer and Bauer, 1980;Metcalfe, 2005;Ganthaler et al, 2019). Additionally, they are subject to mechanical stimuli such as the dead-weight of the branches, flowers, fruits and also the wind, which potentially contribute to a faster accumulation of secondary xylem at positions of high stress (Mattheck, 1991;Niklas, 1992).…”

Section: Branching Morphology Of Hedera Helixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a climber such as H. helix with a long and narrow stem, efficient hydraulic conductivity along the main axis and into the branches is essential (Ganthaler et al, 2019). However, the xylem of the branches is primarily composed of supporting tissue for mechanical stiffness and has less conductive tissue, thus resulting in a lower hydraulic conductivity compared to the main stem (Ganthaler et al, 2019).…”

Section: Biomechanics Of Stem-branch Attachments: Modes Of Failure and Fracture Toughness Under The Bending Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branching morphology and biomechanics of ivy (Hedera helix) stem‐branch attachments

Bunk

Krassovitski

Speck

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Ivy (Hedera helix L., Araliaceae) is an abundant, evergreen, rootclimbing liana, widespread across most of Europe and western Asia (Schnitzler, 1995;Metcalfe, 2005). Its phenotype is mainly characterized by differences in the morphology and growth habits of the juvenile and adult phases (Jones, 1999;Metcalfe, 2005). Typically, juvenile plant stems initially grow as prostrate, plagiotropic shoots on the ground, and this phase can persist for a prolonged time (Wareing and Frydman, 1976). As they make contact with an adequate support, newly developed shoots grow as climbing axes, attached to the support via adventitious roots (Melzer et al., 2010(Melzer et al., , 2012. Juvenile shoots additionally occur in the form of "searchers" or vine tips-i.e., self-supporting tip regions of climbing axes (Gartner and Rowe, 2000). The adult phase of H. helix consists of orthotropic self-supporting shoots, which bear flowers and fruits for reproduction. Besides these differences in growth habits, the ontogenetic change from the juvenile to the adult reproductive phase is distinguished by other vegetative traits, for example, leaf shapelobed in juvenile and entire in adult phase (Stein and Fosket, 1969;Zotz et al., 2011), phyllotaxis-alternate in juvenile and helical in adult phase (Stein and Fosket, 1969;Poethig, 1990), and adventitious roots-present only in the juvenile phase (Stein and Fosket, 1969).Besides the relevance of H. helix to horticulture, including interest in its phase change, research on H. helix has focused mainly on its ecology (

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“…Hydraulic architecture of woody plants, such as lianas, primary hemiepiphytes, shrubs, and trees have been extensively studied (Drake & Franks, 2003;Ewers et al, 1991;Patiño et al, 1995;Tng et al, 2018;Tyree & Ewers, 1996;Tyree & Zimmerman, 2002). Studies on hydraulic architecture of non-woody plants, especially climbing plants, have also been conducted (Ganthaler et al, 2019). These studies include observation of vessel size and density and hydraulic capacity of species of climbing rattans (Fisher et al, 2002;Tomlinson et al, 2001), climbing aroids Monstera acuminata (Lopez-Portillo et al, 2000), and invasive climbing species Merremia peltata (Yansen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Vein Density of Tree Saplings Composing Lower Canopy in Tropical Forest Reflects Their Ecophysiological Characteristics

Yansen

Deselina

2020

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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One factor affecting the survival of a species in a tropical ecosystem is its ability to respond to environmental conditions, which depend on their ecophysiological performances. Plants ability to transport water as a major environmental factor would determine their survival. The anatomy of xylem inside leaves and stem as water conductive tissue will dictate the rate of water transport through the plant stem and leaves. Leaf vein, which contains xylem vessels, dictates water transport through leaves and plant’s ability to control water loss through stomata. This research found that tree saplings composing a lower canopy of tropical forests have different ecophysiological attributes. Pioneer species, such as Cinnamomum sp., Diospyros macrophylla, Castanopsis costata, Elateriospermum tapos, and Ziziphus sp., have higher leaf vein density than primary species, such as a member of genus Garcinia, Shorea, Dipterocarpus, and Syzigium. It implies that pioneer species might have higher rates of water transport and consequently, higher rates of photosynthesis. If forest vegetation was more opened, then pioneer species may dominate the area as they are more tolerant of light. The Composition of forest vegetation with different ecophysiological characteristics may affect the forest dynamics and hydrological cycle.

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Are hydraulic patterns of lianas different from trees? New insights from Hedera helix

Abstract: Common ivy ensures water supply of the crown by well-balanced within-plant adjustments of hydraulic efficiency and safety. Patterns correspond to variations in xylem anatomy and are similar to those of self-supporting trees.

Cited by 13 publications

References 59 publications

The features of xylem tracheary elements in some herbaceous members of the family Convolvulaceae Horan.

The features of xylem tracheary elements in some herbaceous members of the family Convolvulaceae Horan.

Branching morphology and biomechanics of ivy (Hedera helix) stem‐branch attachments

Leaf Vein Density of Tree Saplings Composing Lower Canopy in Tropical Forest Reflects Their Ecophysiological Characteristics

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