“…Our goal in the present paper is not to review this entire (large, multidimensional) debate (see also Angelucci, Fano, Ferretti, Macrelli, & Tarozzi, 2021; Feldman, 2015; Fields, 2015; Koenderink, 2015; Martinez, 2019; Mausfeld, 2015; McLaughlin & Green, 2015; O'Connor, 2014; Schlesinger, 2015; Wilson, 2021), however, and we will largely refrain from weighing in on these many previous critiques and subsequent defenses. Instead, we aim to contribute something new to this discussion, by presenting some key considerations concerning our “cognitive architecture” that pose a stark challenge to ITP (and support the intuitive notion of veridical perception)—but that to our knowledge have not previously been considered in past discussions (by either ITP's proponents or detractors).…”