Are intestinal parasites associated with obesity in Mexican children and adolescents?

Zavala, Gerardo; Doak, Colleen M.; Portrait, France; Seidell, Jacob C.; Garcı́a, Olga; Rosado, Jorge L.; Jarquín, Tatina; Polman, Katja; Ponce, Maiza Campos

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2019.04.002

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Both Wiria et al [ 44 ] and Li et al [ 34 ] showed that adults infected with intestinal parasites were more likely to have a lower BMI ( p < 0.05). This same pattern was observed in children using various measures of weight-for-height, as reported by Gerber et al [ 30 ], Verhagen et al [ 42 ], Zhou et al [ 45 ], Geltman et al [ 29 ], Chu et al [ 28 ], Sayasone et al [ 40 ], Lander et al [ 33 ] and Zavala et al for Ascaris infection ( p < 0.05) [ 46 ]. Several other studies also showed parasitic infections associated with lower weight-for-height indicators, although the outcomes were not statistically significant (Patel and Khandekar [ 36 ], Casapia et al [ 27 ], Amare et al [ 26 ], Sanchez et al [ 39 ], Orden et al [ 35 ] and Rivero et al [ 37 ]).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Several other studies also showed parasitic infections associated with lower weight-for-height indicators, although the outcomes were not statistically significant (Patel and Khandekar [ 36 ], Casapia et al [ 27 ], Amare et al [ 26 ], Sanchez et al [ 39 ], Orden et al [ 35 ] and Rivero et al [ 37 ]). Zavala et al showed an opposite, statistically significant association for intestinal protozoa [ 46 ] and for IPI [ 19 ]. The same pattern was also found by Quihui-Cota et al [ 38 ] and Campos Ponce et al [ 18 ], although it was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Intestinal Parasite Infections and Proxies for Body Composition: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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It has long been recognized that intestinal parasite infections and undernutrition are closely linked. However, little is known about the role of intestinal parasite infections (IPIs), or parasite clearance, in these processes. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize published evidence on the association between IPIs and body composition. PRISMA guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched up until June 2021. Studies reporting on IPIs in relation to (proxies for) body composition were eligible. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Twenty-four studies were included, two Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) and 22 observational. Most observational studies showed IPIs to be associated with lower Body Mass Index (BMI) or being underweight as proxies for body composition. One RCT showed no effect of antiparasitic treatment on body composition, while the other one showed a significant post-treatment increase in body fat, as measured by BMI z-scores and skinfolds. This review lends support to distinct associations between IPIs and body composition. More longitudinal studies are needed using direct measures of body composition to investigate whether weight gained after antiparasitic treatment concerns an increase in body fat or healthy weight gain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Intestinal Parasite Infections and Proxies for Body Composition: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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“…This study did not evaluate the stool of infants, though previous work in this population during only established lactation found that approximately one-third of infants had fecal leukocytosis, indicative of chronic exposure to fecal contamination ( 28 ). However, work from Mexico in older children found that intestinal protozoa, particularly Entamoeba coli , were associated with a higher percentage of body fat and food intake ( 36 , 37 ) suggesting the insult of fecal-oral contamination can be modified by child age. Third, it is conceivable that mothers with protist parasites might influence their infants’ microbiome and affect growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Anthropometry and Growth Velocity Before 6 Months are Associated with Breastfeeding Practices and the Presence of Subclinical Mastitis and Maternal Intestinal Protozoa in Indigenous Communities in Guatemala

Wren‐Atilola

Solomons²,

Scott

et al. 2021

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Background The possibility that maternal health status and breastfeeding practices contribute to growth faltering before 6 months is underexplored. Objectives This longitudinal study investigated whether indicators of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and breast inflammation, maternal fecal-oral contamination and/or breastfeeding practices were associated with infant anthropometry or growth velocity before 6 months. Methods Indigenous Mam-Mayan mother-infant dyads (n = 140) were recruited. Breast milk was collected at early (<6 weeks) and established (4–6 months) lactation when maternal and infant anthropometry were measured. Milk Na: K ratio as an indicator of SCM and concentrations of 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Maternal stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites including non-pathogenic protozoa (Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis). Questionnaires characterized breastfeeding and hygiene practices. Multiple linear regression identified factors associated with infant growth attainment [weight (WAZ), length (LAZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCAZ) z-scores] and growth velocity [expressed as change/day from early to established lactation]. Multiple logistic regression identified factors associated with increased odds of underweight, stunting, and low head circumference at both lactation stages. Results A higher Na: K ratio, individual non-pathogenic protozoa and specific breastfeeding and hygiene practices were associated with impaired growth before 6 weeks and at 4–6 months in exclusively breastfed infants. Growth velocity for weight was inversely associated with Entamoeba coli but cranial growth positively with Iodamoeba bütschlii whereas feeding colostrum in early lactation was protective and decreased the odds of a HCAZ <−2SD. Finally, the presence of SCM in early lactation increased the likelihood of both WAZ <−2SD and LAZ <−2SD by 6 weeks. Conclusions Prevention of SCM may improve early infant weight, but measures that promote the feeding of colostrum and reduce exposure to fecal-oral contamination may be required to minimize infant growth faltering in breastfed infants.

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Section: Metabolic and Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal parasitic infection by Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) in those with obesity in childhood and during puberty can have an effect on metabolism by altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which is related to an increased probability of the development of overweight or obesity with increasing age in these individuals. 69 The relationship of DM with intestinal parasite infection has previously been elucidated. It was reported that individuals with DM with uncontrollable glucose levels exhibited an increase in susceptibility to intestinal parasites, with A. lumbricoides and hookworm being the predominant helminths and Giardia lamblia being the predominant protozoan.…”

Section: Metabolic Diseases Associated With Helminthic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities involving parasitic diseases: A look at the benefits and complications

Oliveira

Cruz

Pinheiro

et al. 2022

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Parasitic infections acquired by the population cause substantial morbidity worldwide, with individuals from developing countries being most affected. Some parasites remain in the host for long periods, settling in different organs, manipulating the flow of nutrients and metabolites, and influencing the immune response, favoring their adaptation. The host attempts to counteract the metabolic and immunological alterations and the possible damage caused by infection. These metabolic and immunological changes experienced by the host can influence the progression of other existing morbidities or those that will be acquired in the future. Cancer and metabolic diseases are also frequent causes of morbidity in the world population. The large numbers of individuals affected by cancer and metabolic diseases and the high prevalence of morbidity caused by parasitic diseases favor the development of comorbidity involving these pathologies. This review provides an overview of major advances in research on cancer and metabolic diseases associated with parasitic infections. Information about hosts and parasites such as alterations of the immune response, metabolism and adaptation mechanisms of the parasites, and parasitic molecules with therapeutic potential is provided, as well as the beneficial results or complications related to the comorbidities discussed herein. We emphasize the need to conduct additional studies addressing comorbidities associated with parasitic infections to improve the understanding of the impact of this association on the progression of morbidities, as well as the possibility of the therapeutic use of and therapeutic approaches involving parasites.

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Are intestinal parasites associated with obesity in Mexican children and adolescents?

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Association between Intestinal Parasite Infections and Proxies for Body Composition: A Scoping Review

Association between Intestinal Parasite Infections and Proxies for Body Composition: A Scoping Review

Infant Anthropometry and Growth Velocity Before 6 Months are Associated with Breastfeeding Practices and the Presence of Subclinical Mastitis and Maternal Intestinal Protozoa in Indigenous Communities in Guatemala

Comorbidities involving parasitic diseases: A look at the benefits and complications

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