Are mast cells important in diabetes?

Kempuraj, Duraisamy; Caraffa, Alessandro; Ronconi, Gianpaolo; Lessiani, Gianfranco; Conti, Pio

doi:10.5114/pjp.2016.63770

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“… noted that adipose tissue‐conditioned medium from the non‐obese stages of db/db mice increased the migration of bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMCs). It is suggested that immature mast cells that infiltrate into adipose tissue at the non‐obese stage progressively mature and contribute to the obesity and diabetes progression .…”

Section: Adipose Tissue As a Reservoir Of Mast Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells participate in chronic low‐grade inflammation within adipose tissue

et al. 2018

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Obesity is reckoned as one of the civilization diseases, posing a considerable global health issue. Evidence points towards a contribution of multitude immune cell populations in obesity pathomechanism and the development of chronic low-grade inflammation in the expanded adipose tissue. Notably, adipose tissue is a reservoir of mast cells which number in individuals with obesity particularly increased. Some of them tend to degranulation what generate secretion of strong pro-inflammatory and regulatory mediators, as well as cytokines/chemokines. Several lines of evidence suggest that mast cells are strictly associated with pro-inflammatory status in adipose tissue by their indirect impact on immune cell attraction and activation. Furthermore, mast cells affect adipose tissue remodelling and fibrosis by adipocyte differentiation, fibroblast proliferation and enhancing extracellular matrix proteins expression. This review will summarize current knowledge on mast cell features and their role in the development of chronic low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue.

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Section: Adipose Tissue As a Reservoir Of Mast Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells participate in chronic low‐grade inflammation within adipose tissue

et al. 2018

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“…The levels of insulin in the extracellular milieu are of relevance to mast cells and basophils, and in turn, the functionality of these cells is of relevance to outcomes in metabolic disorders [ 5 – 7 ]. Mast cells and basophils bear the insulin receptor, and are regulated by insulin levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional and Functional Plasticity Induced by Chronic Insulin Exposure in a Mast Cell-Like Basophilic Leukemia Cell Model

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveSecretory granules (SG) and lipid bodies (LB) are the primary organelles that mediate functional responses in mast cells. SG contains histamine and matrix-active proteases, while LB are reservoirs of arachidonic acid and its metabolites, precursors for rapid synthesis of eicosanoids such as LTC4. Both of these compartments can be dynamically or ontologically regulated, with metabolic and immunological stimuli altering lipid body content and granule numbers responding to contextual signals from tissue. We previously described that chronic in vitro or in vivo hyperinsulinemia expands the LB compartment with a concomitant loss of SG capacity, suggesting that this ratio is dynamically regulated. The objective of the current study is to determine if chronic insulin exposure initiates a transcriptional program that biases model mast cells towards a lipogenic state with accompanying loss of secretory granule biogenesis.MethodsWe used a basophilic leukemic cell line with mucosal mast cell-like features as a model system. We tested the hypothesis that chronic insulin exposure initiates a transcriptional program that biases these model mast cells towards a lipogenic state with accompanying loss of secretory granule biogenesis. Transcriptional arrays were used to map gene expression patterns. Biochemical, immunocytochemical and mediator release assays were used to evaluate organelle numbers and functional responses.ResultsIn a mucosal mast cell model, the rat basophilic leukemia line RBL2H3, mast cell granularity and SG numbers are inversely correlated with LB numbers. Chronic insulin exposure appears to modulate gene networks involved in both lipid body biogenesis and secretory granule formation. Western blot analysis confirms upregulation of protein levels for LB proteins, and decreases in proteins that are markers for SG cargo.ConclusionsThe levels of insulin in the extracellular milieu may modify the phenotype of mast cell-like cells in vitro.

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“…Activated mast cells owe their fundamental role in inflammation to the production and release of a wide range of inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory mediators. These may be classified into three groups: preformed mediators, which are stored in the granules and secreted during degranulation almost instantaneously after mast cell activation; mediators de novo synthesised during membrane phospholipid metabo-lism, which are produced and released in tens of minutes after activation; and newly synthesised cytokines and other mediators, which are formed and secreted several hours after mast cell activation (Table I) [24,25,26,27,39,40,41,42].…”

Section: Mast Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells as the strength of the inflammatory process

Pastwińska¹,

Agier²,

Dastych³

et al. 2017

pjp

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The inflammatory process is a complex host defence mechanism aimed at the elimination of deleterious factors disturbing homeostasis. Inflammation consists of several interdependent stages controlled by a wide range of mediators. Those include acute phase proteins, heat shock proteins, complement components, biogenic amines, cytokines, lipid-derived mediators, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, proteolytic enzymes, and kinins. Due to the strategic location in the body, mast cells play a protective role in the inflammatory process, through its initiation, amplification, and resolution. Mast cells degranulate and/or newly produce, and release various mediators classified into three groups: preformed mediators, de novo synthesised lipid mediators, and newly synthesised cytokines. Those mediators have an impact on different processes occurring during inflammation, inter alia, they influence blood vessels leading to dilation, enhanced adhesion molecule expression, and increased permeability. Furthermore, mast cell mediators play a pivotal role in inflammatory cell chemotaxis, degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, impact on stationery cells and resolution of inflammation. The release of mast cell mediators and their actions constitute a highly complex and still not fully understood mechanism, which warrants further studies of the action of mast cells in inflammation. This review will focus on the current knowledge concerning the broad role of mast cells in the inflammatory process.

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Are mast cells important in diabetes?

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Mast cells participate in chronic low‐grade inflammation within adipose tissue

Mast cells participate in chronic low‐grade inflammation within adipose tissue

Transcriptional and Functional Plasticity Induced by Chronic Insulin Exposure in a Mast Cell-Like Basophilic Leukemia Cell Model

Mast cells as the strength of the inflammatory process

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