Are Motivation Deficits Underestimated in Patients With ADHD? A Review of the Literature

Modesto‐Lowe, Vania; Chaplin, Margaret; Soovajian, Victoria; Meyer, Andrea

doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.07.2677

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The absence of group differences on both the motor timing and temporal discounting task might be due to the relatively low amount of money that we used to manipulate reinforcement type. A recent review showed that improved task performance in ADHD was especially evident with high intensities of reinforcement (Modesto-Lowe, Chaplin, Soovajian, & Meyer, 2013). Compared with the amounts of money used in the studies reported in the review of Modesto-Lowe et al (2013), the amounts of money used in our motor timing task were fairly low (1–5 eurocent).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review showed that improved task performance in ADHD was especially evident with high intensities of reinforcement (Modesto-Lowe, Chaplin, Soovajian, & Meyer, 2013). Compared with the amounts of money used in the studies reported in the review of Modesto-Lowe et al (2013), the amounts of money used in our motor timing task were fairly low (1–5 eurocent). In our temporal discounting task, both the difference between immediate (1 eurocent) and delayed (2–5 eurocent) rewards as well as the maximum possible total gain were smaller compared with previous studies (Scheres et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

et al. 2015

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Objective Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may account for inconsistencies in findings on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. Our aim was to assess cool and hot executive functioning (EF) and temporal processing in ADHD with and without comorbid ODD to elucidate the effects of comorbid ODD. Method ADHD-only (n = 82), ADHD + ODD (n = 82), and controls (n = 82), with mean age 16 years (SD = 3.1), matched for age, gender, IQ, and ADHD type (clinical groups) were assessed on cool EF (inhibition, working memory), hot EF (reinforcement processing, emotion recognition), and temporal processing (time production and reproduction). Results Individuals with ADHD + ODD showed abnormalities in inhibition, working memory, facial emotion recognition, and temporal processing, whereas individuals with ADHD-only were solely impaired in working memory and time production. Conclusion Findings suggest that ODD carries a substantial part of the EF deficits observed in ADHD and contrast with current theories of neurocognitive impairments in ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

et al. 2015

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“…Our previous work indicated that atypical rightward asymmetry in ADHD is sensitive to top-down modulation of attention and brain-state orientation (11, 28, 29), and others have shown that ADHD cognitive impairments can be sensitive to alterations in motivation (139). However, findings of structural and functional deviations at rest also clearly implicate more fixed or state-independent abnormal brain function in ADHD (136, 140, 141).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Network Asymmetry and Default Mode Network Function in ADHD: An fMRI Study

et al. 2014

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Background: A growing body of research has identified abnormal visual information processing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In particular, slow processing speed and increased reliance on visuo-perceptual strategies have become evident.Objective: The current study used recently developed fMRI methods to replicate and further examine abnormal rightward biased visual information processing in ADHD and to further characterize the nature of this effect; we tested its association with several large-scale distributed network systems.Method: We examined fMRI BOLD response during letter and location judgment tasks, and directly assessed visual network asymmetry and its association with large-scale networks using both a voxelwise and an averaged signal approach.Results: Initial within-group analyses revealed a pattern of left-lateralized visual cortical activity in controls but right-lateralized visual cortical activity in ADHD children. Direct analyses of visual network asymmetry confirmed atypical rightward bias in ADHD children compared to controls. This ADHD characteristic was atypically associated with reduced activation across several extra-visual networks, including the default mode network (DMN). We also found atypical associations between DMN activation and ADHD subjects’ inattentive symptoms and task performance.Conclusion: The current study demonstrated rightward VNA in ADHD during a simple letter discrimination task. This result adds an important novel consideration to the growing literature identifying abnormal visual processing in ADHD. We postulate that this characteristic reflects greater perceptual engagement of task-extraneous content, and that it may be a basic feature of less efficient top-down task-directed control over visual processing. We additionally argue that abnormal DMN function may contribute to this characteristic.

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“…However, learning from feedback seems intact when it leads to the avoidance of negative consequences (Endrass et al 2011). Similarly, ADHD research on decision-making and learning from feedback has yielded mixed results, but there is agreement that sensitivity to reinforcement is altered (Luman et al 2010; Modesto-Lowe et al 2013). Children with ADHD may opt for a smaller reward when this helps them to avoid waiting time (“Delay Aversion” (DA)) (Bitsakou et al 2009; Sonuga-Barke 2002), and they are more responsive to immediate than to delayed rewards (Sagvolden et al 2005).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Aspects In Ocd and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD

Brem

Grünblatt

Drechsler

et al. 2014

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neuropsychiatric diseases in paediatric populations. The high comorbidity of ADHD and OCD with each other, especially of ADHD in paediatric OCD, is well described. OCD and ADHD often follow a chronic course with persistent rates of at least 40–50 %. Family studies showed high heritability in ADHD and OCD, and some genetic findings showed similar variants for both disorders of the same pathogenetic mechanisms, whereas other genetic findings may differentiate between ADHD and OCD. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggest that partly similar executive functions are affected in both disorders. The deficits in the corresponding brain networks may be responsible for the perseverative, compulsive symptoms in OCD but also for the disinhibited and impulsive symptoms characterizing ADHD. This article reviews the current literature of neuroimaging, neurochemical circuitry, neuropsychological and genetic findings considering similarities as well as differences between OCD and ADHD.

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Are Motivation Deficits Underestimated in Patients With ADHD? A Review of the Literature

Abstract: Previous studies suggest that a clinical approach using interventions to improve motivational processes in patients with ADHD may improve outcomes as children with ADHD transition into adolescence and adulthood.

Cited by 32 publications

References 50 publications

Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Visual Network Asymmetry and Default Mode Network Function in ADHD: An fMRI Study

The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD

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