Are NaCl and KCl equally corrosive on superheater materials of steam boilers?

Enestam, Sonja; Bankiewicz, Dorota; Tuiremo, J.; Mäkelä, Kari; Hupa, Mikko

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.020

Cited by 121 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The influence of alkali chlorides and other chlorine-containing species on the high temperature corrosion of different metals/alloys has been investigated by several researchers [13,14,[25][26][27][28][29]. The strong acceleration of corrosion by HCl, KCl and NaCl has been attributed to alloy chlorination, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

et al. 2015

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The KCl-induced corrosion of the FeCrAl alloy Kanthal Ò APMT in an O 2 ? N 2 ? H 2 O environment was studied at 600°C. The samples were pre-oxidized prior to exposure in order to investigate the protective nature of alumina scales in the present environment. The microstructure and composition of the corroded surface was investigated in detail. Corrosion started at flaws in the pre-formed a-alumina scales, i.e. a-alumina was protective in itself. Consequently, KCl-induced corrosion started locally and, subsequently, spread laterally. An electrochemical mechanism is proposed here by which a transition metal chloride forms in the alloy and K 2 CrO 4 forms at the scale/gas interface. Scale de-cohesion is attributed to the formation of a sub-scale transition metal chloride.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

et al. 2015

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“…Simplified laboratory-scale corrosion studies using synthetic deposits (KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, etc. ), and in some cases, under HCl-or H2O-containing gaseous atmospheres, have revealed the respective roles of K and Cl in initiating and catalyzing the corrosion of alloys under oxidizing conditions [4,5,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The results from characterization of corrosion products from most of these laboratory studies point towards an active oxidation type of mechanism.…”

Section: High Temperature Corrosion Under Laboratory Conditions Simulmentioning

confidence: 96%

High Temperature Corrosion under Laboratory Conditions Simulating Biomass-Firing: A Comprehensive Characterization of Corrosion Products

Okoro¹,

Montgomery²,

Frandsen³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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An austenitic stainless steel (TP 347H FG) was coated with a synthetic deposit and exposed, under laboratory conditions simulating straw-firing at 560 °C, for 1 week. Microscopic, diffraction, and spectroscopic techniques were employed for cross-sectional and plan view “top-down” microstructural characterization of the corrosion products. The corrosion products consisted of three layers: (i) the outermost layer consists of a mixed layer of K2SO4 and Fe x O y on a partly molten layer of the initial deposit, (ii) the middle layer consists of spinel (FeCr2O4) and Fe2O3, and (iii) the innermost layer is a sponge-like Ni3S2-containing layer. At the corrosion front, Cl-rich protrusions were observed. Results indicate that selective corrosion of Fe and Cr by Cl, active oxidation, and sulfidation attack of Ni are possible corrosion mechanisms.

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“…Previous research has shown that a protective chromia scale reacts with water and oxygen to form CrO 2 (OH) 2 (g) even at these rather low temperatures [11]. Chromia may also react to form alkali chomates in the presence of alkali salt, water and oxygen, which depletes the chromium in the oxide scale causing a non-protective iron oxide to be formed [12,13]. These findings motivate developing new materials that are more resistant to such environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KCl-Induced Corrosion of an FeCrAl Alloy at 600 °C in O2 + H2O Environment: The Effect of Pre-oxidation

et al. 2014

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The present study investigates the influence of H 2 O and KCl on the high temperature corrosion of an FeCrAl alloy at 600°C. Polished samples were exposed to O 2 or O 2 ? H 2 O and to O 2 ? H 2 O with KCl applied. The samples were investigated using SEM/EDX, XRD, IC, AES and SIMS. It was found that KCl accelerates corrosion and that a rapidly growing iron-rich oxide forms with time. Chromate formation is shown to initiate the formation of a non-protective oxide scale. Pre-oxidising the alloy before exposure in the presence of KCl had a strongly beneficial effect on the corrosion.

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Are NaCl and KCl equally corrosive on superheater materials of steam boilers?

Cited by 121 publications

References 23 publications

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

High Temperature Corrosion under Laboratory Conditions Simulating Biomass-Firing: A Comprehensive Characterization of Corrosion Products

KCl-Induced Corrosion of an FeCrAl Alloy at 600 °C in O2 + H2O Environment: The Effect of Pre-oxidation

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