The previously unexplored noncovalent
binding of the highly toxic
tetrafluoroberyllate anion (BeF4
2–) and
its extraction from water into organic solvents are presented. Nanojars
resemble anion-binding proteins in that they also possess an inner
anion binding pocket lined by a multitude of H-bond donors (OH groups),
which wrap around the incarcerated anion and completely isolate it
from the surrounding medium. The BeF4-binding propensity
of [BeF4⊂{CuII(OH)(pz)}
n
]2– (pz = pyrazolate; n =
27–32) nanojars of different sizes is investigated using an
array of techniques including mass spectrometry, paramagnetic 1H, 9Be, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, and
X-ray crystallography, along with thermal stability studies in solution
and chemical stability studies toward acidity and Ba2+ ions.
The latter is found to be unable to precipitate the insoluble BaBeF4 from nanojar solutions, indicating a very strong binding
of the BeF4
2– anion by nanojars. 9Be and 19F NMR spectroscopy allows for the unprecedented
direct probing of the incarcerated anion in a nanojar and, along with 1H NMR studies, reveals the fluxional structure of nanojars
and their inner anion-binding pockets. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction
provides the crystal and molecular structures of (Bu4N)2[BeF4⊂{Cu(OH)(pz)}32], which
contains a novel Cu
x
-ring combination
(x = 9 + 14 + 9), (Bu4N)2[BeF4⊂{Cu(OH)(pz)}8+14+9], and (Bu4N)2[BeF4⊂{Cu(OH)(pz)}6+12+10] and offers detailed structural parameters related to the supramolecular
binding of BeF4
2– in these nanojars.
The extraction of BeF4
2– from water into
organic solvents, including the highly hydrophobic solvent n-heptane, demonstrates that nanojars are efficient binding
and extracting agents not only for oxoanions but also for fluoroanions.