Are parents more willing to vaccinate their children than themselves?

Tang, Mei; Shahab, Lion; Robb, Kathryn A.; Gardner, Benjamin

doi:10.1177/1359105314539527

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This has been explained by professional accountability when medical professionals make decisions [18]. When the general population decide for a stranger or family member, the reasons are not clear [19][20][21]. Interestingly, discrepancies have been found between surrogate choices and predictions.…”

Section: How Do Surrogates Make Decisions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed methods investigation of end-of-life surrogate decisions among older adults

2020

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Background: A large number of end-of-life decisions are made by a next-of-kin for a patient who has lost their decision-making capacity. This has given rise to investigations into how surrogates make these decisions. The experimental perspective has focused on examining how the decisions we make for others differ from our own, whereas the qualitative perspective has explored surrogate insights into making these decisions. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study to bring these two perspectives together. This is crucial to comparing decision outcomes to the decision process. We asked older adult partners to make end-of-life decisions for each other. They then took part in a semi-structured interview about their decision process. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: 24 participants took part in the study. Surrogates were more likely to take a life-saving treatment at the risk of a diminished quality of life for their partner than for themselves. This was consistent with their transcripts which showed that they wanted to give their partner a better chance of living. Although there was evidence of surrogate inaccuracy in the decision task, participants overwhelmingly reported their intention to make a decision which aligns with the substituted judgment standard. However, uncertainty about their wishes pushed them to consider other factors. Conclusions: Taking a mixed methods approach allowed us to make novel comparisons between decision outcome and process. We found that the intentions of surrogates broadly align with the expectations of the substituted judgment standard and that previous discussions with their partner helps them to make a decision.

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Section: How Do Surrogates Make Decisions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed methods investigation of end-of-life surrogate decisions among older adults

2020

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“…In the interpersonal domain, decision-makers seem to be less risk averse when making hypothetical decisions for a friend than for themselves [23,25–27]. In the medical domain, physicians seem to be more risk averse when making hypothetical decisions for a patient as opposed to themselves, as do parents when making hypothetical decisions for their children [28–31]. However, in the financial domain, the literature is rather contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do our risk preferences change when we make decisions for others? A meta-analysis of self-other differences in decisions involving risk

2019

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Background Are we more risk-averse or risk-seeking when we make decisions on behalf of other people as opposed to ourselves? So far, findings have not been able to provide a clear and consistent answer. Method We propose a meta-analysis to assess whether self-other differences vary according to particular features of the decision. We reviewed 78 effect sizes from 49 studies (7,576 participants). Results There was no overall self-other difference, but there were moderating effects of domain and frame . Decisions in the interpersonal domain were more risk-averse for self than for other. Decisions in the medical domain were more risk-seeking for self than for other. There were no overall self-other differences in the financial domain, however there was a moderating effect of frame : decisions in a gain frame were more risk-averse for self than other whereas decisions in a loss frame were more risk-seeking for self than other. This effect of frame was slightly different overall and in the medical domain, where self-other differences occurred in a loss frame but not in a gain frame. Conclusion Future work should continue to investigate how the specific content and context of the decision impacts self-other differences in order to understand the effects of domain and frame we report.

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“…Perhaps participants were more likely to choose the status quo for others rather than more likely to choose the safer option, out of fear of being accountable for interfering with the natural course of events for example. However, studies that made the treatment option the safe option and the status quo the risky option also found that participants favored the safe option for others (Zikmund-Fisher et al, 2006; Ubel et al, 2011; Petrova et al, 2016; Tang et al, 2016). This sheds light on the confound in the present study and suggests that the explanation we propose holds for cases where the risky option is either taking or refusing treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this reduction in risk-taking is not exclusive to doctors. It has also been found when people from the general population make decisions for a hypothetical patient (Zikmund-Fisher et al, 2006; Oliver, 2013), a family member (Zikmund-Fisher et al, 2006; Petrova et al, 2016; Tang et al, 2016; Carroll et al, 2017) or a stranger (Batteux, unpublished). This has been interpreted as surrogates being more cautious when deciding for someone else (Oliver, 2013), as well as stemming from the need to justify one’s decisions (Zikmund-Fisher et al, 2006), in which case maximizing survival chances is easier to defend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past research has often focused on scenarios that speak of the possibility of the patient dying, either without treatment (Zikmund-Fisher et al, 2006; Ubel et al, 2011; Garcia-Retamero and Galesic, 2012b; Oliver, 2013; Tang et al, 2016) or as a consequence of treatment (Ubel et al, 2011; Carroll et al, 2017; Batteux et al, unpublished). Crucially, in all of these cases surrogate decisions were directed toward the option that reduced the patient’s likelihood of dying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring How Accountability Affects the Medical Decisions We Make for Other People

2019

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In the event that a patient has lost their decision-making capacity due to illness or injury, a surrogate is often appointed to do so on their behalf. Research has shown that people take less risk when making treatment decisions for other people than they do for themselves. This has been discussed as surrogates employing greater caution for others given the accountability they are faced with. We tested the prediction that making accountability salient reduces risk-taking for others relative to the self by manipulating the information shown to participants while they made treatment choices. One group was asked to focus on the consequences for the recipient’s family, another on the legal implications of their decisions, and another was not given additional information. Participants reduced their risk-taking for others compared to themselves, irrespective of the condition they were in. Although participants in each condition reported thinking about these factors to different extents, there were no clear differences in risk-taking between groups. However, we did find that, across all participants, thinking about legal consequences reduces risk-taking. We suggest that future research investigates how the effect of thinking about accountability on surrogate choices is mediated by feelings of accountability, in order to further examine the explanations suggested in the literature.

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Are parents more willing to vaccinate their children than themselves?

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

A mixed methods investigation of end-of-life surrogate decisions among older adults

A mixed methods investigation of end-of-life surrogate decisions among older adults

Do our risk preferences change when we make decisions for others? A meta-analysis of self-other differences in decisions involving risk

Exploring How Accountability Affects the Medical Decisions We Make for Other People

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